Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technologies, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Isar Sq., Across From Farabi Hospital, P.O. Box 6719851552, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023 Jul 18;23(1):246. doi: 10.1186/s12906-023-04077-7.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) contains Betanin as its major betacyanin, possessing wide proapoptotic effects. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer and pro-papoptotic effects of beetroot hydro-alcoholic extract (BHE) and betanin, on colorectal cancer cell lines. BHE and betanin were used to treat Caco-2 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. MTT assay, DAPI staining, and FACS-flow cytometry tests were used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and apoptosis-inducing evaluations. Intended genes were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The IC50 for HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines were 92 μg/mL, 107 μg/mL for BHE, and 64 μg/mL, 90 μg/mL for betanin at 48 h, respectively. BHE and betanin significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cell lines time and dose-dependently. DAPI staining and flow cytometry results revealed significant apoptosis symptoms in treated cancerous cell lines. The expression level of proapoptotic genes (BAD, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Fas-R) in treated HT-29 and Caco-2 cells was higher than in untreated and normal cells. In contrast, the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) was significantly downregulated. BHE and betanin effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via the modification of effective genes.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见癌症类型。红甜菜（Beta vulgaris）含有甜菜红素作为其主要的甜菜酰胺，具有广泛的促凋亡作用。本研究旨在探讨甜菜根水醇提取物（BHE）和甜菜红素对结直肠癌细胞系的抗癌和促凋亡作用。BHE 和甜菜红素用于治疗 Caco-2 和 HT-29 结直肠癌细胞。MTT 测定法、DAPI 染色和 FACS-流式细胞术测试用于确定半最大抑制浓度（IC50）和诱导凋亡评估。实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）评估预期基因。BHE 和甜菜红素对 HT-29 和 Caco-2 细胞系的 IC50 分别为 48 小时时 92μg/mL、107μg/mL 和 64μg/mL、90μg/mL。BHE 和甜菜红素显著抑制了两种癌细胞系的生长，具有时间和剂量依赖性。DAPI 染色和流式细胞术结果显示，处理后的癌细胞系出现明显的凋亡症状。经处理的 HT-29 和 Caco-2 细胞中促凋亡基因（BAD、Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9 和 Fas-R）的表达水平高于未经处理和正常细胞。相比之下，抗凋亡基因（Bcl-2）显著下调。BHE 和甜菜红素通过修饰有效基因有效抑制癌细胞增殖并诱导凋亡。
