Frost J K, Ball W C, Levin M L, Tockman M S, Erozan Y S, Gupta P K, Eggleston J C, Pressman N J, Donithan M P, Kimball A W
J Occup Med. 1986 Aug;28(8):692-703. doi: 10.1097/00043764-198608000-00031.
Sputum cytopathologic monitoring detects squamous cell lung cancers at an extremely early stage (x-ray negative). It holds further potential for preventing disease by detecting epithelial alterations which reflect environmental hazards. The addition of sputum cytology screening to screening by chest x-ray film does not significantly reduce mortality from all types of lung cancer, but preliminary analysis of Johns Hopkins Lung Project data suggests that mortality from squamous cell carcinoma is reduced. Quantitative automated cytopathology systems and biochemical/immunological cell markers enhance understanding of these precursors and offer great promise for increasing capacity, accuracy, and usefulness in cytopathology screening of workers. Cytological specimens collected over years of screening workers considered at risk may be important to eventually understanding development and prevention of major occupational diseases.
痰液细胞病理学监测能够在极早期阶段（X 光检查呈阴性）检测出鳞状细胞肺癌。通过检测反映环境危害的上皮细胞改变，它在预防疾病方面具有进一步的潜力。在胸部 X 光片筛查的基础上增加痰液细胞学筛查，并不能显著降低所有类型肺癌的死亡率，但对约翰霍普金斯肺癌项目数据的初步分析表明，鳞状细胞癌的死亡率有所降低。定量自动化细胞病理学系统以及生化/免疫细胞标志物有助于加深对这些癌前病变的理解，并为提高对工人进行细胞病理学筛查的能力、准确性和实用性带来了巨大希望。多年来收集的针对高危工人的细胞学标本，对于最终了解主要职业病的发展和预防可能至关重要。
