Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jul 3;11:1170413. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170413. eCollection 2023.
Parents' supportiveness and health-promoting habits significantly affect the intensity of children's physical activity (PA) and the involvement of parents in their engagement in PA; in this domain, both the hours devoted to PA and PA goals can be assessed. The family plays an important role in shaping the physical and social organization of the environment for children aged 4-6 years.
A total of 680 families with 5-year-old children (330 girls, 350 boys) took part in the study. Data were collected from these participants, who were recruited from preschools and primary schools in the Pomeranian region of Poland. The aim of this study was to determine whether the involvement of parents in PA mediates the influence of parental attitudes on the ways in which their children spend their leisure time.
The results showed that not all parental attitudes had direct impact on children's leisure time in PA and outside PA. Other aspects parental attitude had no significant impact on offspring's free time. Among fathers, only four aspects of parental attitude (namely, acceptance-rejection, inconsistency, autonomy, and overprotectiveness) had an impact on PA goals. Mothers' goals were influenced by the strength of a larger number of aspects of attitude (namely, acceptance-rejection, autonomy, inconsistency, over-demandingness, and overprotectiveness). Similarly, the strength of mothers' and fathers' acceptance-rejection attitudes, attitudes of autonomy, and overprotectiveness had an impact on their PA goals but were not directly linked to their children's leisure-time engagement in PA.
Not all parental attitudes have a direct impact on children's PA or non-PA leisure time. However, the goals of PA parents have been recognized influence the leisure time of children in PA and outside PA. The most statistically significant relationship for both mothers and fathers was between parental attitudes and PA goals. Parental attitudes do not play a significant role in explaining involvement in PA or lack of it in leisure time among 5-year-old children.
父母的支持和健康促进习惯对儿童体育活动（PA）的强度以及父母对其参与 PA 的程度有显著影响；在这个领域，可以评估参与 PA 的时间和目标。家庭在塑造 4-6 岁儿童的身体和社会环境组织方面起着重要作用。
共有 680 个有 5 岁孩子的家庭（330 名女孩，350 名男孩）参加了这项研究。这些参与者是从波兰波美拉尼亚地区的幼儿园和小学招募的。本研究的目的是确定父母参与 PA 是否在父母态度对子女休闲时间利用方式的影响中起中介作用。
结果表明，并非所有父母的态度都直接影响孩子在 PA 和 PA 之外的休闲时间。父母态度的其他方面对子女的闲暇时间没有显著影响。在父亲中，只有父母态度的四个方面（即接受-拒绝、不一致、自主性和过度保护）对 PA 目标有影响。母亲的目标受到更多方面态度（即接受-拒绝、自主性、不一致、过度要求和过度保护）的影响。同样，母亲和父亲的接受-拒绝态度、自主性态度和过度保护态度的强弱对他们的 PA 目标有影响，但与子女闲暇时间参与 PA 没有直接联系。
并非所有父母的态度都对儿童的 PA 或非 PA 休闲时间有直接影响。然而，PA 父母的目标已经被认为影响儿童在 PA 和 PA 之外的休闲时间。对母亲和父亲来说，最具统计学意义的关系是父母态度和 PA 目标之间的关系。父母的态度在解释 5 岁儿童在闲暇时间是否参与 PA 或不参与 PA 方面没有起到重要作用。
