Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 4;14:1085302. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085302. eCollection 2023.
Adolescence is marked by physiological and social changes, such as puberty, increased responsibilities and earlier school start times. This often leads to insufficient sleep on school nights and the need to compensate for lost sleep on weekends, causing a misalignment between biological and social times, which has been termed social jetlag (SJL). SJL triggers stress responses and is associated with several negative health outcomes, including higher cardiometabolic risk in adults. In adolescence, however, SJL has only been consistently related to increases in adiposity but its association with other cardiometabolic indicators are unclear.
In a sample of 278 healthy early adolescents (9-15 years of age; 168 girls) we investigated: 1) whether self-reported SJL is associated (using path analyses) with a cardiometabolic status latent factor obtained by testing the best fitting model confirmatory factor analyses from an initial set of eight indicators [body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio, triglyceride concentration, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (chol/HDL), and % body fat]; and 2) whether age and/or pubertal status influence the association between SJL and cardiometabolic status.
We found that, for girls, higher SJL was associated with more adverse cardiometabolic latent scores (the shared variance of BMI, waist/height ratio, chol/HDL and systolic blood pressure, which had acceptable model fit indices). However, the role of age and pubertal status in this association was unclear for both sexes.
SJL was associated with adverse cardiometabolic latent traits beyond increases in adiposity in this observational study in early female adolescents. Because disruptions of circadian rhythms are believed to lead to dysregulated energy homeostasis and not vice-versa, our findings highlight the need for sleep interventions in adolescence to help reduce the global burden of cardiometabolic ill health, especially in girls.
青春期以生理和社会变化为特征，例如青春期、责任增加和上学时间提前。这通常导致上学日晚上睡眠不足，需要在周末弥补失去的睡眠，导致生物和社会时间的不匹配，这被称为社会时差（SJL）。SJL 会引发应激反应，与多种负面健康结果相关，包括成年人的心血管代谢风险增加。然而，在青春期，SJL 仅与肥胖增加一致相关，但它与其他心血管代谢指标的关系尚不清楚。
在一个由 278 名健康的早期青少年（9-15 岁；168 名女孩）组成的样本中，我们研究了：1）自我报告的 SJL 是否与通过测试最佳拟合模型获得的心血管代谢状态潜在因素相关（使用路径分析）， 从一组初始的 8 个指标进行验证性因素分析 [体重指数（BMI）、腰高比、甘油三酯浓度、舒张压和收缩压、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白比值（chol/HDL）和%体脂]；2）年龄和/或青春期状态是否会影响 SJL 与心血管代谢状态之间的关联。
我们发现，对于女孩，较高的 SJL 与更不利的心血管代谢潜在分数相关（BMI、腰高比、chol/HDL 和收缩压的共享方差，这些分数具有可接受的模型拟合指数）。然而，对于两性，SJL 与心血管代谢状态之间的关联的年龄和青春期状态的作用尚不清楚。
在这项针对早期女性青少年的观察性研究中，SJL 与肥胖以外的不良心血管代谢潜在特征相关。由于认为扰乱昼夜节律会导致能量稳态失调，而不是相反，我们的研究结果强调了在青春期进行睡眠干预的必要性，以帮助减轻全球心血管代谢不良健康的负担，尤其是在女孩中。
