Baghban Neda, Kodam Sai Priyanka, Ullah Mujib
Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA.
Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, USA.
Int J Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;10(1). doi: 10.23937/2469-570X/1410079. Epub 2023 May 20.
Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by various types of cells, including cancer cells, and play a role in intercellular communication. CD9 is a protein that is involved in cell signaling and adhesion. It is found on the surface of various cells, including cancer cells, and has been implicated in the communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by cells and contain various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have been shown to play a role in intercellular communication, and they have been implicated in the progression of cancer. There is evidence to suggest that CD9 is involved in the packaging and release of exosomes by cancer cells. CD9 has been shown to be important for the formation of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) on the surface of exosomes. These TEMs are thought to be important for the sorting and packaging of specific molecules into exosomes. In summary, CD9 appears to play an important role in the communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment via exosomes. The precise mechanisms by which CD9 mediates this communication are still being investigated, but the involvement of CD9 in exosome packaging and uptake suggests that it may be a promising target for the development of novel cancer therapies. Furthermore, CD9 has been shown to be involved in the uptake of exosomes by recipient cells. For example, studies have shown that CD9-positive exosomes released by cancer cells can be taken up by other cancer cells, leading to the transfer of oncogenic molecules and the promotion of cancer progression.
外泌体是由包括癌细胞在内的各种类型细胞释放的小膜结合囊泡,在细胞间通讯中发挥作用。CD9是一种参与细胞信号传导和黏附的蛋白质。它存在于包括癌细胞在内的各种细胞表面,并与癌细胞及其微环境之间的通讯有关。外泌体是由细胞释放的小膜结合囊泡,含有各种生物活性分子,如蛋白质、脂质和核酸。外泌体已被证明在细胞间通讯中发挥作用,并与癌症进展有关。有证据表明,CD9参与癌细胞对外泌体的包装和释放。CD9已被证明对外泌体表面富含四跨膜蛋白的微结构域(TEMs)的形成很重要。这些TEMs被认为对特定分子分选和包装到外泌体中很重要。总之,CD9似乎在外泌体介导的癌细胞与其微环境之间的通讯中发挥重要作用。CD9介导这种通讯的确切机制仍在研究中,但CD9参与外泌体包装和摄取表明它可能是新型癌症治疗开发的一个有前景的靶点。此外,CD9已被证明参与受体细胞对外泌体的摄取。例如,研究表明,癌细胞释放的CD9阳性外泌体可被其他癌细胞摄取,导致致癌分子的转移和癌症进展的促进。