Abhange Komal, King Siobhan, Peterson Nicole, Sahai Vaibhav, Cuneo Kyle C, Lubman David M
Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Building MSRB1 Rm A510B, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Oxford Nanoimaging Limited, Oxford OX2 8TA, U.K.
ACS Omega. 2025 Jul 29;10(31):34659-34665. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c03540. eCollection 2025 Aug 12.
Serum-derived exosomes are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles secreted by cells, typically between 30 and 120 nm in diameter. Exosomes can be identified by the presence of tetraspanin protein markers including CD9, CD81, and CD63 among others. The relative amounts of these exosomal markers and their location in the exosomes are also related to their source of origin. The ability to investigate these different markers and their locations in individual and multiple exosomes was obtained using an optical imaging technique known as dSTORM (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) which can overcome the diffraction limit for detection of these nanovesicles. The use of the dSTORM imaging method has allowed us to evaluate the relative abundance of tetraspanin markers CD9, CD81, and CD63 in exosomes and the size of exosomes related to these markers. We also compared the presence of these markers in normal versus pancreatic cancer serum samples and against exosomes secreted from cell lines. We found that CD9 is generally the most abundant marker in exosomes and is found near the surface of the exosomes, although CD81 and CD63 abundance is also significant. This result is consistent with our prior DIA mass spectrometry data and may be important in future work involving analysis of exosomes as markers of disease.
血清来源的外泌体是细胞分泌的膜包裹纳米囊泡,直径通常在30到120纳米之间。外泌体可通过包括CD9、CD81和CD63等在内的四跨膜蛋白标记物来识别。这些外泌体标记物的相对含量及其在外泌体中的位置也与它们的来源有关。使用一种称为dSTORM(直接随机光学重建显微镜)的光学成像技术,能够研究这些不同标记物及其在单个和多个外泌体中的位置,该技术可以克服检测这些纳米囊泡的衍射极限。dSTORM成像方法的使用使我们能够评估外泌体中四跨膜蛋白标记物CD9、CD81和CD63的相对丰度以及与这些标记物相关的外泌体大小。我们还比较了正常血清样本与胰腺癌血清样本中这些标记物的存在情况,并与细胞系分泌的外泌体进行了对比。我们发现,CD9通常是外泌体中最丰富的标记物,且位于外泌体表面附近,不过CD81和CD63的丰度也很显著。这一结果与我们之前的DIA质谱数据一致,可能对未来涉及将外泌体作为疾病标志物进行分析的工作具有重要意义。