Takahashi Tsutomu, Sasabayashi Daiki, Takayanagi Yoichiro, Higuchi Yuko, Mizukami Yuko, Akasaki Yukiko, Nishiyama Shimako, Furuichi Atsushi, Kobayashi Haruko, Yuasa Yusuke, Tsujii Noa, Noguchi Kyo, Suzuki Michio
Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 5;14:1192854. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1192854. eCollection 2023.
Since the number of insular gyri is higher in schizophrenia patients, it has potential as a marker of early neurodevelopmental deviations. However, it currently remains unknown whether the features of the insular gross anatomy are similar between schizophrenia patients and individuals at risk of psychosis. Furthermore, the relationship between anatomical variations in the insular cortex and cognitive function has not yet been clarified.
The gross anatomical features (i.e., the number of gyri and development pattern of each gyrus) of the insular cortex were examined using magnetic resonance imaging, and their relationships with clinical characteristics were investigated in 57 subjects with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) and 63 schizophrenia patients in comparison with 61 healthy controls.
The number of insular gyri bilaterally in the anterior subdivision was higher in the ARMS and schizophrenia groups than in the control group. The schizophrenia group was also characterized by a higher number of insular gyri in the left posterior subdivision. A well-developed right middle short insular gyrus was associated with symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia patients, whereas chronic schizophrenia patients with a well-developed left accessory gyrus were characterized by less severe cognitive impairments in motor and executive functions. The features of the insular gross anatomy were not associated with clinical characteristics in the ARMS group.
The features of the insular gross anatomy that were shared in the ARMS and schizophrenia groups may reflect a vulnerability to psychosis that may be attributed to anomalies in the early stages of neurodevelopment. However, the contribution of the insular gross anatomy to the clinical characteristics of schizophrenia may differ according to illness stages.
由于精神分裂症患者的脑岛回数量较多，它有潜力作为早期神经发育偏差的标志物。然而，目前尚不清楚精神分裂症患者与有精神病风险的个体之间脑岛大体解剖结构特征是否相似。此外，脑岛皮质解剖变异与认知功能之间的关系尚未阐明。
使用磁共振成像检查57名处于精神病风险状态（ARMS）的受试者、63名精神分裂症患者以及61名健康对照者的脑岛皮质大体解剖特征（即脑回数量和每个脑回的发育模式），并研究其与临床特征的关系。
ARMS组和精神分裂症组双侧前部分的脑岛回数量高于对照组。精神分裂症组左侧后部分的脑岛回数量也较多。发育良好的右侧中间短脑岛回与首发精神分裂症患者的症状严重程度相关，而左侧副脑回发育良好的慢性精神分裂症患者在运动和执行功能方面的认知障碍较轻。ARMS组的脑岛大体解剖特征与临床特征无关。
ARMS组和精神分裂症组共有的脑岛大体解剖特征可能反映了对精神病的易感性，这可能归因于神经发育早期的异常。然而，脑岛大体解剖结构对精神分裂症临床特征的影响可能因疾病阶段而异。
