School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, American Degree Program, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Carbohydr Res. 2023 Oct;532:108899. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108899. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
Nanocellulose (NC) is a natural fiber that can be extracted in fibrils or crystals form from different natural sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. In recent years, nanocellulose has emerged as a sustainable biomaterial for various medicinal applications including drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial treatment due to its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and exceptional water holding capacity for cell immobilization. Many antimicrobial products can be produced due to the chemical functionality of nanocellulose, such disposable antibacterial smart masks for healthcare use. This article discusses comprehensively three types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in view of their structural and functional properties, extraction methods, and the distinctive biomedical applications based on the recently published work. On top of that, the biosafety profile and the future perspectives of nanocellulose-based biomaterials have been further discussed in this review.
纳米纤维素（NC）是一种天然纤维，可从包括植物、细菌和藻类在内的不同天然来源中以原纤维或晶体形式提取。近年来，由于纳米纤维素具有生物相容性、低细胞毒性和出色的水保持能力，可用于细胞固定，因此已成为用于各种医学应用的可持续生物材料，包括药物输送系统、伤口愈合、组织工程和抗菌处理。由于纳米纤维素的化学功能，许多抗菌产品都可以生产，例如用于医疗保健的一次性抗菌智能口罩。本文全面讨论了三种类型的纳米纤维素：纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）、纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）和细菌纳米纤维素（BNC），内容涉及它们的结构和功能特性、提取方法以及基于最近发表的工作的独特的生物医学应用。此外，本文还进一步讨论了基于纳米纤维素的生物材料的生物安全性概况和未来展望。
