Characterization of phenyl propiolic acid from Proteus mirabilis DMTMMR-11 and Evaluation of its mode of action against Yersinia enterocolitica (MTCC-840) an in-Vitro and in-Vivo based approach.

Foodborne illnesses are pervasive in raising public health concerns in both developed and developing nations. Yersinia enterocolitica a zoonotic bacterial species that causes food-transmitted infections, and gastroenteritis, is its most prevalent clinical manifestation. This study aims to investigate the differences, dependencies, and inhibitory mechanisms between the host and the microbiome. Proteus mirabilis DMTMMR-11, the bacterium found in the human gastrointestinal tract was used for the extraction of intracellular metabolite, because of its beneficial effects on the normal flora of the human gut. Phenyl propiolic acid was identified as the dominant compound in the metabolite after characterization using FT-IR, NMR, and LC-MS-MS. To assess its inhibitory mechanism against Yersinia enterocolitica, the pathogen was subjected to biological characterization by MBC and MIC, resulting in the rate of inhibition at 50 μg/ml. Anti-bacterial curve supports the inhibited growth of Y. enterocolitica. Mechanism of inhibition at its cellular level was indicated by the increase in alkaline phosphate content, which drastically reduced the cell membrane and cell wall potential expanding its permeability by intruding the membrane proteins, which was observed in SEM Imaging. Phenyl propiolic acid efficiently disrupts the biofilm formation by reducing the adherence and increasing the eradication property of the pathogen by exhibiting 65% of inhibition at the minimal duration of 12h. In-vivo study was carried out through host-pathogen interaction in C. elegans, an efficient model organism assessed for its life-span, physiological, and behavioral assays.