Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, GC Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Dec;30(60):125197-125213. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28765-6. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
The prevalence of organic solid waste worldwide has turned into a problem that requires comprehensive treatment on all fronts. The amount of agricultural waste generated by agro-based industries has more than triplet. It not only pollutes the environment but also wastes a lot of beneficial biomass resources. These wastes may be utilized as a different option/source for the manufacturing of many goods, including biogas, biofertilizers, biofuel, mushrooms and tempeh as the primary ingredients in numerous industries. Utilizing agro-industrial wastes as good raw materials may provide cost reduction and lower environmental pollution levels. Agro-industrial wastes are converted into biofuels, enzymes, vitamin supplements, antioxidants, livestock feed, antibiotics, biofertilizers and other compounds via solid-state fermentation (SSF). By definition, SSF is a method used when there is little to no free water available. As a result, it permits the use of solid materials as biotransformation substrates. Through SSF methods, a variety of microorganisms are employed to produce these worthwhile things. SSFs are therefore reviewed and discussed along with their impact on the production of value-added items. This review will provide thorough essential details information on recycling and the use of agricultural waste.
全球有机固体废物的盛行已成为一个需要全面综合治理的问题。以农业为基础的产业所产生的农业废物数量增加了两倍多。这些废物不仅污染环境，还浪费了大量有价值的生物质资源。它们可以作为许多商品制造的替代原料，包括沼气、生物肥料、生物燃料、蘑菇和天培作为许多行业的主要成分。利用农业工业废物作为良好的原材料可以降低成本和减少环境污染。农业工业废物通过固态发酵（SSF）转化为生物燃料、酶、维生素补充剂、抗氧化剂、牲畜饲料、抗生素、生物肥料和其他化合物。根据定义，当几乎没有可用的游离水时，就会采用 SSF 方法。因此，它允许使用固体材料作为生物转化的基质。通过 SSF 方法，使用各种微生物来生产这些有价值的东西。因此，本文综述并讨论了 SSF 对增值产品生产的影响。本文综述将提供有关农业废物回收和利用的全面基本信息。
