Allen Julie Ober, Elias Lauren K, Greenwood Josephine C
Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA; Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.
Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2023 Mar;10(1):17-32. doi: 10.1007/s40471-022-00316-6. Epub 2022 Dec 29.
This review summarizes findings from quantitative research studies published between 2010 and 2022 providing insight on sociodemographic differences and disparities in ageism among US adults ages 50 and older.
Across 21 studies, disparities in ageism were more consistently found such that those who were older (57% of studies), with less education (64%), and of lower socioeconomic status (100%) reported more ageism than their counterparts. Amount of ageism did not differ by sex in the majority (71%) of studies. Findings regarding race/ethnicity were mixed. Other possible differences in ageism, assessed in a small number of studies, were patterned by employment characteristics, geographic residence, religiosity, and political affiliation but not by marital or employment status.
Given that ageism is both common and associated with poor health outcomes, identifying disproportionately affected segments of the older adult population is a necessary prerequisite for developing targeted interventions to reduce negative outcomes linked to ageism and associated health disparities. Evidence within this review suggests that the patterning of ageism may deviate from that typically documented for other social and structural disadvantages. Some groups traditionally considered to be socially marginalized were found to report more ageism while others did not.
本综述总结了2010年至2022年间发表的定量研究结果，以深入了解美国50岁及以上成年人在年龄歧视方面的社会人口差异和不平等现象。
在21项研究中，年龄歧视方面的不平等现象更为一致地被发现，即年龄较大者（57%的研究）、受教育程度较低者（64%）和社会经济地位较低者（100%）比同龄人报告的年龄歧视更多。在大多数（71%）研究中，年龄歧视的程度在性别上没有差异。关于种族/民族的研究结果不一。在少数研究中评估的年龄歧视的其他可能差异，按就业特征、地理居住、宗教信仰和政治派别呈现出一定模式，但与婚姻或就业状况无关。
鉴于年龄歧视既普遍又与不良健康结果相关，确定老年人群中受影响不成比例的部分是制定有针对性的干预措施以减少与年龄歧视和相关健康不平等相关的负面结果的必要前提。本综述中的证据表明，年龄歧视的模式可能与通常记录的其他社会和结构劣势的模式有所不同。一些传统上被认为处于社会边缘地位的群体报告的年龄歧视更多，而另一些群体则不然。
