Black-White Differences Related to Ageism and Health: Evidence from the Experiences of Aging in Society Project.

BACKGROUND

Age-based stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination (ageism) are implicated in poor health, yet it is unclear if all groups of older adults experience the same amounts, types, and outcomes of ageism.

METHODS

This exploratory study investigated differences in ageism and health among Black and White USA adults ages 50 + who participated in the Experiences of Aging in Society project (2021-2023) (N = 131; 78% female, 46% Black, mean age 70). We compared amounts and types of self-reported ageism by race using three measures: Everyday Ageism Scale, Expectations Regarding Aging Survey, and Everyday Discrimination Scale when attributed to age. We identified racial differences in associations between ageism and the number of chronic health conditions participants had using z-tests of racially-stratified regression parameters.

RESULTS

Black and White older adults generally reported comparable amounts of ageism across measures. Everyday ageism was associated with more chronic conditions at comparable levels by race, though findings suggested race-specific patterns in the most influential types: Black adults-age discrimination and White adults-internalized ageism. Positive expectations of aging and everyday discrimination attributed to age were associated with the health of White but not Black adults; only the former demonstrated significant race differences.

CONCLUSION

While Black and White older adults may report comparable exposure to ageism, race may contribute to divergent mechanisms of risk and health consequences. Findings endorse the Everyday Ageism Scale for ageism-health research including Black adults and all measures for exclusively White samples. Interventions promoting older adult health may benefit from attending to similarities and differences at the intersection of ageism and race.