Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Aug;29(8):1524-1530. doi: 10.3201/eid2908.230236.
Guatemala implemented wastewater-based poliovirus surveillance in 2018, and three genetically unrelated vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were detected in 2019. The Ministry of Health (MoH) response included event investigation through institutional and community retrospective case searches for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) during 2018-2020 and a bivalent oral polio/measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination campaign in September 2019. This response was reviewed by an international expert team in July 2021. During the campaign, 93% of children 6 months <7 years of age received a polio-containing vaccine dose. No AFP cases were detected in the community search; institutional retrospective searches found 37% of unreported AFP cases in 2018‒2020. No additional VDPV was isolated from wastewater. No evidence of circulating VDPV was found; the 3 isolated VDPVs were classified as ambiguous VDPVs by the international team of experts. These detections highlight risk for poliomyelitis reemergence in countries with low polio vaccine coverage.
危地马拉于 2018 年实施了基于废水的脊髓灰质炎病毒监测，2019 年发现了三种遗传上不相关的疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（VDPV）。卫生部（MoH）的应对措施包括通过机构和社区回顾性搜索，在 2018-2020 年期间对急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）进行事件调查，以及在 2019 年 9 月开展了二价口服脊髓灰质炎/麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗接种运动。2021 年 7 月，一个国际专家组对这一应对措施进行了审查。在运动期间，93%的 6 个月<7 岁儿童接受了含有脊髓灰质炎疫苗的剂量。在社区搜索中未发现 AFP 病例；机构回顾性搜索发现 2018-2020 年有 37%的 AFP 病例未报告。从废水中未分离到其他 VDPV。没有发现循环 VDPV 的证据；国际专家组将 3 株分离到的 VDPV 归类为不明确的 VDPV。这些检测结果突显出在脊髓灰质炎疫苗覆盖率较低的国家重新出现脊髓灰质炎的风险。
