Microwave-assisted synthesis of Vulcan Carbon supported Palladium-Nickel (PdNi@VC) bimetallic nanoparticles, and investigation of antibacterial and Safranine dye removing effects.

As an alternative to antibiotics, nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used for targeting bacteria. Nanotechnology holds great potential in the treatment of bacterial infections. Although the mechanisms of antibacterial activity of NPs are not fully understood, widely accepted explanations include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative processes. Several simultaneous gene changes would be required in the bacterial cell, making it difficult for bacterial cells to develop resistance to NPs. One important application of nanoparticles is in dye removal. Nanoparticle structures can be utilized effectively as adsorbents due to their reduced size and increased surface area, by combining noble metals, Palladium-Nickel (Pd-Ni), with a carbon structure known as Vulcan Carbon (VC), it is anticipated that the consumption of precious metals can be reduced while benefiting from the enhanced properties of the bimetallic structure. The PdNi@VC structure was synthesized using the microwave synthesis technique. Characterization techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to confirm the formation of the bimetallic structure. According to the Debye-Scherrer equation, the size is 2.74 nm. In addition, photodegradation assays using simulator solar radiation yielded 67% efficacy against Safranine dye. In addition, The PdNi@VC had a high percentage of bacterial inhibition at the concentration of 200 g/ml against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), and Escherichia coli (E.coli). This study focuses on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles for antibacterial applications and investigates their effectiveness in dye removal from wastewater. The obtained results provide valuable insights for the implementation of innovative methods in these areas.