Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
School of Graduate Studies, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Biomed Res Int. 2021 May 19;2021:9922370. doi: 10.1155/2021/9922370. eCollection 2021.
Anemia is a situation in which the number and size of red blood cells, or the concentration of hemoglobin, fall below established cut-off values. Low hemoglobin level during pregnancy favors the alteration of placental angiogenesis and resulted in restricting the availability of nutrients to the fetus and consequently causing fetal growth retardation and low weight at birth. This study is aimed at assessing the hemoglobin level and associated factors among pregnant women in rural communities of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study design was carried out among 367 pregnant women from June 1 to 30, 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to select study subjects. Hemoglobin level was measured by using HemoCue HB 301. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study subjects. A multivariable linear regression model was employed after the linearity, normality, multicollinearity, and homoscedasticity assumptions were checked. The unstandardized beta () coefficient along with a 95% confidence interval was computed to estimate the association between explanatory and dependant variables. Statistical significance was declared at value < 0.05.
The mean (± SD) hemoglobin level of the respondents was 12.66 (±1.44) g/dl. The overall magnitude of anemia (hemoglobin level < 11 g/dl) among pregnant women was found to be 85 [23.16%, (95% CI: 18.3%-27.5%)]. Meal frequency [ = 0.40, (95% CI: 0.12, 0.69), = 0.005], interpregnancy interval [ = 0.08, (95% CI: 0.02, 0.15), = 0.007], mid-upper arm circumference measurement [ = 0.13, (95% CI: 0.07, 0.20), ≤ 0.001], own fruits/vegetable [ = 0.55, (95% CI: 0.79, 0.31), ≤ 0.001], coffee consumption [ = -1.00, (95% CI: -1.31, -0.68), ≤ 0.001], and having history of still birth [ = -0.63, (95% CI: -1.06, -0.20), = 0.004 were significantly associated with the hemoglobin level of pregnant women.
Anemia was identified to be a moderate public health problem in the study area. Therefore, nutritional counseling should focus on the necessity of at least one extra meal, promotion of fruits/vegetable consumption, and improving the nutritional status of the women during antenatal care follow-up. Moreover, early screening and management of women with a history of stillbirth for anemia are also essential.
贫血是指红细胞数量和大小或血红蛋白浓度低于既定的临界值的一种情况。怀孕期间血红蛋白水平低有利于胎盘血管生成的改变，并限制了胎儿的营养供应，从而导致胎儿生长迟缓，出生体重低。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西南部吉马地区农村社区孕妇的血红蛋白水平及相关因素。
2020 年 6 月 1 日至 30 日，采用基于社区的横断面研究设计，对 367 名孕妇进行了研究。采用系统随机抽样选择研究对象。使用 HemoCue HB 301 测量血红蛋白水平。采用访谈者管理的结构化问卷收集数据。采用描述性统计方法描述研究对象。在检查了线性、正态性、多重共线性和同方差性假设后，采用多变量线性回归模型。计算未标准化的β（β）系数及其 95%置信区间，以估计解释变量和因变量之间的关联。 值<0.05 表示具有统计学意义。
受访者的平均（±SD）血红蛋白水平为 12.66（±1.44）g/dl。孕妇贫血的总体程度（血红蛋白水平<11 g/dl）为 85[23.16%，（95%CI：18.3%-27.5%）]。膳食频率（β=0.40，（95%CI：0.12，0.69），P=0.005）、孕次间隔（β=0.08，（95%CI：0.02，0.15），P=0.007）、中上臂围测量（β=0.13，（95%CI：0.07，0.20），P≤0.001）、自己的水果/蔬菜（β=0.55，（95%CI：0.79，0.31），P≤0.001）、咖啡摄入量（β=-1.00，（95%CI：-1.31，-0.68），P≤0.001）和有死产史（β=-0.63，（95%CI：-1.06，-0.20），P=0.004）与孕妇的血红蛋白水平显著相关。
该研究地区贫血被确定为中度公共卫生问题。因此，营养咨询应侧重于至少增加一顿餐、促进水果/蔬菜的摄入以及改善产前保健随访期间妇女的营养状况。此外，还必须早期筛查和管理有死产史的妇女的贫血。
