Orsango Alemselam Zebdewos, Habtu Wossene, Lejisa Tadesse, Loha Eskindir, Lindtjørn Bernt, Engebretsen Ingunn Marie S
School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
PeerJ. 2021 Jun 28;9:e11649. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11649. eCollection 2021.
Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common type of nutritional anemia in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, there is limited data on iron deficiency anemia prevalence and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly for children aged 2 to 5 years.
To establish the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and associated risk factors, focusing on iron-rich food consumption among children aged 2 to 5 years in southern Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in 2017, involving 331 randomly selected children aged 2 to 5 years old. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information about the children and the households. Venous blood was collected from each child in a test tube to measure hemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Hemoglobin levels were determined using Hemocue301 and adjusted for altitude. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels <11 g/dl. Ferritin was adjusted for inflammation based on CRP concentration and low ferritin concentration defined as adjusted ferritin concentration <12 µg/L. IDA was considered when a child had both hemoglobin level <11g/dl and low ferritin concentration. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with IDA and iron-rich food consumption.
The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 25%, and the total anemia prevalence was 32%. Only 15% of children consumed iron-rich foods in the preceding 24 h, and 30% of children consumed iron-rich foods at least once in the preceding week. IDA decreased as the height for age z-score increased (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.7; 95% CI [0.5-0.9]). Mothers with increased educational level (AOR 1.1; 1.0-1.2) and households with increased dietary diversity (AOR 1.4; 1.2-1.6) consumed more iron-rich foods.
Iron deficiency anaemia was a moderate public health problem in southern Ethiopia, and the iron-rich food consumption was low. Interventions should focus on food supplementation and fortification, food diversification and nutritional education, and promoting women's education.
缺铁性贫血（IDA）是包括埃塞俄比亚在内的低收入国家常见的一种营养性贫血。然而，埃塞俄比亚关于缺铁性贫血患病率及相关因素的数据有限，尤其是2至5岁儿童的数据。
确定埃塞俄比亚南部2至5岁儿童缺铁性贫血的患病率及相关危险因素，重点关注富含铁的食物的摄入量。
2017年在埃塞俄比亚南部开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究，涉及331名随机选取的2至5岁儿童。使用结构化问卷收集有关儿童及其家庭的信息。从每个儿童的静脉采集血液样本至试管中，以测量血红蛋白、铁蛋白和C反应蛋白（CRP）。使用Hemocue301测定血红蛋白水平并根据海拔进行校正。贫血定义为血红蛋白水平<11g/dl。根据CRP浓度对铁蛋白进行炎症校正，低铁蛋白浓度定义为校正后的铁蛋白浓度<12μg/L。当儿童血红蛋白水平<11g/dl且铁蛋白浓度低时，诊断为缺铁性贫血。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型确定与缺铁性贫血及富含铁的食物摄入相关的因素。
缺铁性贫血的患病率为25%，总贫血患病率为32%。在前24小时内，只有15%的儿童食用了富含铁的食物，30%的儿童在前一周至少食用过一次富含铁的食物。缺铁性贫血随着年龄别身高Z评分的增加而降低（校正比值比0.7；95%置信区间[0.5 - 0.9]）。母亲受教育程度提高（校正比值比1.1；1.0 - 1.2）以及家庭饮食多样性增加（校正比值比1.4；1.2 - 1.6）的家庭食用更多富含铁的食物。
缺铁性贫血在埃塞俄比亚南部是一个中度的公共卫生问题，且富含铁的食物摄入量较低。干预措施应侧重于食物补充和强化、食物多样化及营养教育，以及促进妇女教育。
