Arturi Federica, Melegari Gabriele, Giansante Antonio, Giuliani Enrico, Bertellini Elisabetta, Barbieri Alberto
School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care of University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Neurol Int. 2023 Jul 23;15(3):881-895. doi: 10.3390/neurolint15030056.
SARS-CoV-2 clinical manifestation and progression are variable and unpredictable, hence the importance of considering biomarkers in clinical practice that can be useful for both diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. This review aims to summarize, for intensive care physicians, the most recent state of knowledge regarding known COVID-19 in critical patients. We searched PubMed using the Boolean operators and identified all results on the PubMed database of all studies regarding COVID-19 biomarkers. We selected studies regarding endothelium, cytokines, bacterial infection, coagulation, and cardiovascular biomarkers.
We divided the results into four essential paragraphs: "Cytokine storm", "Endothelium dysfunction and coagulation biomarkers in COVID-19", "Biomarker of sepsis", and Cardiovascular lung and new perspectives.
The assessments of the severe COVID-19 prognosis should monitor, over time, IL-6, soluble Von Willebrand factor (VWF), P-selectin, sCD40L, thrombomodulin, VCAM-1, endothelin- Troponin, D-dimer, LDH, CRP, and procalcitonin. Metabolomic alterations and ACE2 receptors represent new perspectives.
Early identification of critically ill patients has been crucial in the first COVID-19 pandemic wave for the sustainability of the healthcare emergency system and clinical management. Only through the early identification of the most severe patients can they be provided with the most appropriate treatments.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的临床表现和病程具有多样性和不可预测性，因此在临床实践中考虑可用于诊断和预后评估的生物标志物非常重要。本综述旨在为重症医学医师总结关于危重症患者中已知的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的最新知识状态。我们使用布尔运算符在PubMed上进行检索，并在PubMed数据库中确定了所有关于COVID-19生物标志物的研究结果。我们选择了关于内皮、细胞因子、细菌感染、凝血和心血管生物标志物的研究。
我们将结果分为四个主要部分：“细胞因子风暴”、“COVID-19中的内皮功能障碍和凝血生物标志物”、“脓毒症生物标志物”以及“心血管、肺脏和新观点”。
对重症COVID-19预后的评估应随时间监测白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、可溶性血管性血友病因子（VWF）、P-选择素、可溶性CD40配体（sCD40L）、血栓调节蛋白、血管细胞黏附分子-1（VCAM-1）、内皮素、肌钙蛋白、D-二聚体、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和降钙素原。代谢组学改变和血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）受体代表了新的观点。
在第一波COVID-19大流行中，早期识别危重症患者对于医疗应急系统的可持续性和临床管理至关重要。只有通过早期识别最严重的患者，才能为他们提供最合适的治疗。
