Astaxanthin reduces fat storage in a / dependent manner determined using high fat .

Although astaxanthin has been shown to have high potential for weight loss, the specific action site and signal pathway generally cannot be confirmed in other animal models. This prevents us from finding therapeutic targets. Hence, we further illuminated its efficacy and specific action sites by using (). In this study, 60 μM astaxanthin supplementation reduced overall fat deposition and triglyceride levels by 21.47% and 22.00% ( < 0.01). The content of large lipid droplets was reversed after astaxanthin treatment, and the ratio of oleic acid/stearic acid (C18:1Δ9/C18:0) decreased significantly, which were essential substrates for triglyceride biosynthesis. In addition, astaxanthin prevented obesity caused by excessive energy accumulation and insufficient energy consumption. Furthermore, the above effects were induced by / and insulin/insulin-like growth factor pathways, and finally co-regulated the specific site- and down-regulation. These results provided insight into therapeutic targets for future astaxanthin as a nutritional health product to relieve obesity.