Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Am J Pathol. 2023 Nov;193(11):1662-1668. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.015. Epub 2023 Jul 23.
As a rapidly growing field, microbiota research offers novel approaches to promoting ocular health and treating major retinal diseases, such as glaucoma. Gut microbiota changes throughout life; however, certain patterns of population changes have been increasingly associated with specific diseases. It has been well established that a disrupted microbiome contributes to central nervous system diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and glioma, suggesting a prominent role of microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the progress in identifying significant changes in the microbial composition of patients with glaucoma by compiling studies on the association between microbiota and disease progression. Of interest is the relationship between increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, increased taurocholic acid, decreased glutathione, and a reduction in retinal ganglion cell survival. Connecting these microbes to specific metabolites sheds light on the pathogenic mechanism and novel treatment strategies. In summary, the current review synthesizes the findings of several studies investigating the effects of shifting bacterial population in retinal diseases, particularly glaucoma, with the aim to identify the current direction of treatment and help direct future endeavors.
作为一个快速发展的领域，微生物组研究为促进眼部健康和治疗主要的视网膜疾病（如青光眼）提供了新的方法。肠道微生物组在整个生命周期中都在发生变化；然而，某些种群变化模式越来越与特定疾病相关联。已经充分证实，微生物组的紊乱会导致中枢神经系统疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化症和神经胶质瘤，这表明微生物组在神经退行性疾病中起着重要作用。通过汇编关于微生物组与疾病进展之间关系的研究，本综述总结了确定青光眼患者微生物组成显著变化的进展。有趣的是，原发性开角型青光眼患者中厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值增加、牛磺胆酸增加、谷胱甘肽减少以及视网膜神经节细胞存活率降低之间的关系。将这些微生物与特定代谢物联系起来，揭示了发病机制和新的治疗策略。总之，本综述综合了几项研究的结果，这些研究调查了视网膜疾病（特别是青光眼）中细菌种群变化的影响，目的是确定当前的治疗方向，并有助于指导未来的努力。
