USDA-JM Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1074:429-435. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_53.
The ten years since the first publications on the human microbiome project have brought enormous attention and insight into the role of the human microbiome in health and disease. Connections between populations of microbiota and ocular disease are now being established, and increased accessibility to microbiome research and insights into other diseases is expected to yield enormous information in the coming years. With the characterization of the ocular microbiome, important insights have already been made regarding corneal and conjunctival tissues. Roles for non-ocular microbiomes in complex retinal diseases are now being evaluated. For example, the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of uveitis. This short review will summarize the few studies linking gut or oral microbiota to diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We will also conjecture where the most significant findings still remain to be elucidated. Finally, we will propose the gut-retina axis, related but distinct from the gut-brain axis.
自人类微生物组计划的首批出版物发布以来的十年里，人们对人类微生物组在健康和疾病中的作用有了极大的关注和深入的了解。现在正在建立微生物群与眼部疾病之间的联系，并且预计未来几年微生物组研究的普及和对其他疾病的深入了解将产生巨大的信息。随着对眼部微生物组的描述，已经在角膜和结膜组织方面取得了重要的见解。现在正在评估非眼部微生物组在复杂视网膜疾病中的作用。例如，肠道微生物组已被认为与葡萄膜炎的发病机制有关。这篇简短的综述将总结少数将肠道或口腔微生物组与糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）、青光眼和年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）联系起来的研究。我们还将推测哪些是仍有待阐明的最显著的发现。最后，我们将提出肠道-视网膜轴，与肠道-大脑轴相关但不同。
