Pape R, Ammer W
Reg Anaesth. 1986 Jul;9(3):74-8.
Electrocardiographic monitoring was undertaken in thirteen women and seven men before, during, and after epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine 0.75%. The average surveying time lasted 18:28 h. Bupivacaine 0.75% was given in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight (n = 8) and 2 mg/kg body weight (n = 12). Eleven patients (8 female/3 male) = 55% showed VES of category I of the LOWN-classification. Three subjects (3 female) suffered VES before and after injection of bupivacaine 0.75%. Five patients (3 female/2 male) showed VES before and three (2 female/1 male) only after epidural blockade. Serious arrhythmias or other signs of toxic actions on the myocardium were not registered.