Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Mol Genet Genomics. 2023 Nov;298(6):1321-1330. doi: 10.1007/s00438-023-02056-8. Epub 2023 Jul 27.
The Datong Basin was an important arena for population movement and admixture between the Yellow River Valley and Eastern Steppe. In historical materials, the region was often the setting for a tug-of-war between Han farmers and non-Han nomads. The genetic makeup and population history of this Datong population has, however, remained uncertain. In this study, we analysed 289 mitogenomes from Datong individuals. Our primary findings were: (1) population summary statistics analysis revealed a high level of genetic diversity and strong signals of population expansion in the Datong population; (2) inter-population comparisons (PCA and Fst heatmap) exhibited a close clustering between the Datong population and Northern Han, especially northern frontier groups, such as the Inner Mongolia Han, Heilongjiang Han, Liaoning Han and Tianjin Han; (3) phylogeographic analysis of complete mitogenomes revealed the presence of different components in the maternal gene pools of Datong population-the northern East Asian component was dominant (66.44%), whereas the southern East Asians were the second largest component with 31.49%. We also observed a much reduced west Eurasian (2.07%) component; (4) direct comparisons with ancient groups showed closer relationship between Datong and Yellow River farmers than Eastern Steppe nomads. Despite, therefore, centuries of Eastern Steppe nomadic control over the Datong area, Yellow River farmers had a much more significant impact on the Datong population.
大同盆地是黄河流域和东部草原之间人口迁移和混合的重要场所。在历史文献中，该地区经常是汉族农民和非汉族游牧民族之间拉锯战的发生地。然而，该地区大同人群的遗传构成和人口历史仍不确定。在这项研究中，我们分析了 289 例大同个体的线粒体基因组。我们的主要发现是：（1）群体综合统计分析显示，大同人群具有高水平的遗传多样性和强烈的种群扩张信号；（2）种群间比较（PCA 和 Fst 热图）显示，大同人群与北方汉族，特别是北方边疆群体，如内蒙古汉族、黑龙江汉族、辽宁汉族和天津汉族之间存在密切聚类；（3）完整线粒体基因组的系统地理学分析显示，大同人群的母系基因库中存在不同的成分——北亚东亚成分占主导地位（66.44%），而南亚东亚成分是第二大成分，占 31.49%。我们还观察到欧亚西部（2.07%）成分明显减少；（4）与古代群体的直接比较表明，大同与黄河农民的关系比与东部草原游牧民族的关系更密切。尽管如此，尽管东部草原游牧民族在大同地区统治了几个世纪，但黄河农民对大同人口的影响要大得多。
