Hegi Heinz, Heitz Jakob, Kredel Ralf
Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Jun 29;5:1145247. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1145247. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION: Recent advances in sensor technology demonstrate the potential to enhance training regimes with sensor-based augmented visual feedback training systems for complex movement tasks in sports. Sensorimotor learning requires feedback that guides the learning process towards an optimal solution for the task to be learned, while considering relevant aspects of the individual control system-a process that can be summarized as learning or improving coordination. Sensorimotor learning can be fostered significantly by coaches or therapists providing additional external feedback, which can be incorporated very effectively into the sensorimotor learning process when chosen carefully and administered well. Sensor technology can complement existing measures and therefore improve the feedback provided by the coach or therapist. Ultimately, this sensor technology constitutes a means for autonomous training by giving augmented feedback based on physiological, kinetic, or kinematic data, both in real-time and after training. This requires that the key aspects of feedback administration that prevent excessive guidance can also be successfully automated and incorporated into such electronic devices. METHODS: After setting the stage from a computational perspective on motor control and learning, we provided a scoping review of the findings on sensor-based augmented visual feedback in complex sensorimotor tasks occurring in sports-related settings. To increase homogeneity and comparability of the results, we excluded studies focusing on modalities other than visual feedback and employed strict inclusion criteria regarding movement task complexity and health status of participants. RESULTS: We reviewed 26 studies that investigated visual feedback in training regimes involving healthy adults aged 18-65. We extracted relevant data regarding the chosen feedback and intervention designs, measured outcomes, and summarized recommendations from the literature. DISCUSSION: Based on these findings and the theoretical background on motor learning, we compiled a set of considerations and recommendations for the development and evaluation of future sensor-based augmented feedback systems in the interim. However, high heterogeneity and high risk of bias prevent a meaningful statistical synthesis for an evidence-based feedback design guidance. Stronger study design and reporting guidelines are necessary for future research in the context of complex skill acquisition.
引言:传感器技术的最新进展表明,利用基于传感器的增强视觉反馈训练系统来改进体育复杂运动任务的训练方法具有潜力。感觉运动学习需要反馈,这种反馈能引导学习过程朝着针对待学习任务的最优解决方案发展,同时考虑个体控制系统的相关方面——这一过程可概括为学习或改善协调性。教练或治疗师提供额外的外部反馈可显著促进感觉运动学习,若选择得当且运用良好,这种反馈能非常有效地融入感觉运动学习过程。传感器技术可补充现有措施,从而改善教练或治疗师提供的反馈。最终,这种传感器技术通过基于生理、动力学或运动学数据实时及训练后提供增强反馈,构成了一种自主训练手段。这要求防止过度指导的反馈管理关键方面也能成功自动化并融入此类电子设备。 方法:在从运动控制和学习的计算角度搭建好框架后,我们对体育相关环境中复杂感觉运动任务中基于传感器的增强视觉反馈的研究结果进行了范围综述。为提高结果的同质性和可比性,我们排除了专注于视觉反馈以外方式的研究,并对运动任务复杂性和参与者健康状况采用了严格的纳入标准。 结果:我们回顾了26项研究,这些研究调查了18至65岁健康成年人训练方案中的视觉反馈。我们提取了有关所选反馈和干预设计、测量结果的相关数据,并总结了文献中的建议。 讨论:基于这些发现以及运动学习的理论背景,我们在此期间为未来基于传感器的增强反馈系统的开发和评估编制了一系列注意事项和建议。然而,高度的异质性和高偏倚风险妨碍了进行有意义的基于证据的反馈设计指导的统计综合。在复杂技能习得背景下的未来研究需要更强有力的研究设计和报告指南。
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