Radwan-Pragłowska Julia, Janus Łukasz, Galek Tomasz, Szajna Ernest, Sierakowska Aleksandra, Łysiak Karol, Tupaj Mirosław, Bogdał Dariusz
Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.
Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, Kwiatkowskiego 4 Street, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Poland.
J Funct Biomater. 2023 Jun 27;14(7):338. doi: 10.3390/jfb14070338.
An increasing number of tooth replacement procedures ending with implant failure generates a great need for the delivery of novel biomedical solutions with appropriate mechanical characteristics that would mimic natural tissue and undergo biodegradation. This phenomenon constitutes a significant difficulty for scientists, since currently applied biomaterials dedicated for this purpose are based on stainless steel, Ti, and Ti and CoCr alloys. One of the most promising raw materials is magnesium, which has been proven to promote bone regeneration and accelerate the tissue healing process. Nevertheless, its high reactivity with body fluid components is associated with fast and difficult-to-control biocorrosion, which strongly limits the application of Mg implants as medical devices. The achievement of appropriate functionality, both physiochemical and biological, to enable the commercial use of Mg biomaterials is possible only after their superficial modification. Therefore, the obtainment of uniform, reproducible coatings increasing resistance to the aqueous environment of the human body combined with a nanostructured surface that enhances implant-cell behaviors is an extremely important issue. Herein, we present a successful strategy for the modification of Mg implants via the PEO process, resulting in the obtainment of biomaterials with lower corrosion rates and superior biological properties, such as the promotion of extracellular matrix formation and a positive impact on the proliferation of MG-63 cells. The implants were investigated regarding their chemical composition using the FT-IR and XRD methods, which revealed that MgO layer formation, as well as the incorporation of electrolyte components such as fluorine and silica, were responsible for the increased microhardness of the samples. An extensive study of the biomaterials' morphology confirmed that successful surface modification led to a microporous structure suitable for the attachment and proliferation of cells. The three-layer nature of the newly-formed coatings, typical for PEO modification, was confirmed via cross-section analysis. A biocorrosion and biodegradation study proved that applied modification increased their resistance to body fluids. The cell culture study performed herein confirmed that the correct adjustment of modification parameters results in a lack of cytotoxicity of the magnesium implants, cell proliferation enhancement, and improvement in extracellular matrix formation.
越来越多的牙齿置换手术以种植体失败告终，这使得人们迫切需要提供具有适当机械特性的新型生物医学解决方案，这些特性应能模仿天然组织并可生物降解。这种现象给科学家带来了重大难题，因为目前为此目的应用的生物材料基于不锈钢、钛以及钛和钴铬合金。最有前景的原材料之一是镁，已证明它能促进骨再生并加速组织愈合过程。然而，它与体液成分的高反应性会导致快速且难以控制的生物腐蚀，这严重限制了镁植入物作为医疗器械的应用。只有在对镁生物材料进行表面改性之后，才有可能实现使其具备适当的物理化学和生物学功能以用于商业用途。因此，获得均匀、可重现的涂层，提高对人体水环境的耐受性，同时具备能增强植入物与细胞相互作用的纳米结构表面，是一个极其重要的问题。在此，我们展示了一种通过微弧氧化工艺对镁植入物进行改性的成功策略，从而获得了具有较低腐蚀速率和卓越生物学特性的生物材料，比如促进细胞外基质形成以及对MG-63细胞增殖产生积极影响。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）方法对植入物的化学成分进行了研究，结果表明氧化镁层的形成以及电解质成分如氟和硅的掺入是样品显微硬度增加的原因。对生物材料形态的广泛研究证实，成功的表面改性导致形成了适合细胞附着和增殖的微孔结构。通过横截面分析证实了新形成的涂层具有微弧氧化改性典型的三层结构。生物腐蚀和生物降解研究证明，所应用的改性提高了它们对体液的耐受性。本文进行的细胞培养研究证实，正确调整改性参数可使镁植入物无细胞毒性，促进细胞增殖并改善细胞外基质形成。
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