Moloudi Kave, Sarbadhikary Paromita, Abrahamse Heidi, George Blassan P
Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jul 16;12(7):1434. doi: 10.3390/antiox12071434.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved minimally/non-invasive treatment modality that has been used to treat various conditions, including cancer. The bystander and abscopal effects are two well-documented significant reactions involved in imparting long-term systemic effects in the field of radiobiology. The PDT-induced generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and immune responses is majorly involved in eliciting the bystander and abscopal effects. However, the results in this regard are unsatisfactory and unpredictable due to several poorly elucidated underlying mechanisms and other factors such as the type of cancer being treated, the irradiation dose applied, the treatment regimen employed, and many others. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge regarding the non-targeted effects of PDT. The review is based on research published in the Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar databases up to June 2023. We have highlighted the current challenges and prospects in relation to obtaining clinically relevant robust, reproducible, and long-lasting antitumor effects, which may offer a clinically viable treatment against tumor recurrence and metastasis. The effectiveness of both targeted and untargeted PDT responses and their outcomes in clinics could be improved with more research in this area.
光动力疗法（PDT）是一种临床认可的微创/无创治疗方式，已被用于治疗包括癌症在内的各种病症。旁观者效应和远隔效应是放射生物学领域中两个有充分文献记载的、在产生长期全身效应方面起重要作用的反应。光动力疗法诱导产生活性氧和氮物种以及免疫反应，主要参与引发旁观者效应和远隔效应。然而，由于一些尚未充分阐明的潜在机制以及其他因素，如所治疗癌症的类型、所施加的照射剂量、所采用的治疗方案等，这方面的结果并不理想且不可预测。因此，在本综述中，我们试图总结关于光动力疗法非靶向效应的当前知识。本综述基于截至2023年6月在科学网、PubMed、威利在线图书馆和谷歌学术数据库上发表的研究。我们强调了在获得具有临床相关性的强大、可重复和持久抗肿瘤效应方面的当前挑战和前景，这可能为对抗肿瘤复发和转移提供一种临床上可行的治疗方法。通过在该领域进行更多研究，可以提高靶向和非靶向光动力疗法反应在临床上的有效性及其结果。
