Shi Zhifang, Xi Lei, Zhao Xin
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 13;13(14):2301. doi: 10.3390/ani13142301.
There is an urgent need for accurate measurement for emissions of ammonia (NH) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) in dairy barns in order to obtain reliable emission inventories and to develop and evaluate abatement strategies. This experiment was performed on three dairy farms in central China during 14 consecutive days in the winter 2020. Concentrations of NH and HS were measured every two hours. The samples were taken inside and outside of barns from 7 sites at two heights (at floor and 1.5 over the floor). The results show that the average NH concentration was 2.47 mg/m with a maximum of 4.62 mg/m, while the average HS concentration was 0.179 mg/m with a maximum of 0.246 mg/m. Lactating cows produced significantly more NH (3.73 mg/m versus 2.34 mg/m) and HS (0.24 mg/m versus 0.14 mg/m) than non-lactating cows. NH and HS concentrations were higher at 0 m than at 1.5 m, especially during the day. In addition, the average daily emission rates per animal unit (AU = 500 kg weight) were 23.5 g and 0.21 g for NH and HS, respectively. The emission rate for NH was then used to extrapolate the NH emission from the Chinese dairy production. Our estimation for 2016 was 0.45 Tg, and it could reach 1.35 Tg by 2050. These numbers reflected our first attempt to calculate emission inventories for the Chinese dairy industry. Our results also suggest that more concrete measures must be taken to reduce the uncertainties of NH emissions from dairy cow production in China.
为了获得可靠的排放清单并制定和评估减排策略，迫切需要准确测量奶牛场中氨（NH₃）和硫化氢（H₂S）的排放量。本实验于2020年冬季在中国中部的三个奶牛场连续进行了14天。每两小时测量一次NH₃和H₂S的浓度。样本在牛舍内外的7个地点、两个高度（地面和地面上方1.5米处）采集。结果表明，NH₃的平均浓度为2.47毫克/立方米，最高为4.62毫克/立方米，而H₂S的平均浓度为0.179毫克/立方米，最高为0.246毫克/立方米。泌乳奶牛产生的NH₃（3.73毫克/立方米对2.34毫克/立方米）和H₂S（0.24毫克/立方米对0.14毫克/立方米）明显多于非泌乳奶牛。NH₃和H₂S的浓度在地面处高于1.5米处，尤其是在白天。此外，每动物单位（AU = 500千克体重）的平均每日排放率，NH₃和H₂S分别为23.5克和0.21克。然后用NH₃的排放率来推断中国奶牛生产中的NH₃排放量。我们对2016年的估计为0.45太克，到2050年可能达到1.35太克。这些数字反映了我们首次尝试计算中国乳业的排放清单。我们的结果还表明，必须采取更具体的措施来减少中国奶牛生产中NH₃排放的不确定性。
