College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 25;9(1):13821. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50269-y.
There are few studies on the concentrations and emission characteristics of ammonia (NH) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) from Chinese dairy farms. The purpose of this study was to calculate the emission rates of NH and HS during summer and to investigate influencing factors for NH and HS emissions from typical dairy barns in central China. Eleven dairy barns with open walls and double-slope bell tower roofs from three dairy farms were studied. Five different locations in each barn were sampled both near the floor and at 1.5 m above the floor. Concentrations of NH and HS were measured using the Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry method and the methylene blue spectrophotometric method, respectively. NH concentrations varied between 0.58 and 4.76 mg/m with the average of 1.54 mg/m, while HS concentrations ranged from 0.024 to 0.151 mg/m with the average of 0.092 mg/m. The concentrations of NH and HS were higher during the day than at night, and were higher near the ground than at the height of 1.5 m, and were higher in the manure area than in other areas. NH and HS concentrations in the barns were significantly correlated with nitrogen and sulfur contents in feed and manure (P < 0.05), and with temperature inside the barns (P < 0.05). Calculated emission rates of NH ranged from 13.8 to 41.3 g NH/(AU·d), while calculated emission rates of HS ranged from 0.15 to 0.46 g HS/(AU·d). These results will serve as a starting point for a national inventory of NH and HS for the Chinese dairy industry.
中国的奶牛场氨气（NH）和硫化氢（HS）浓度和排放特征的研究较少。本研究的目的是计算夏季 NH 和 HS 的排放速率，并探讨华中地区典型奶牛舍 NH 和 HS 排放的影响因素。研究了来自三个奶牛场的 11 个具有开放式墙壁和双坡钟楼屋顶的奶牛舍。每个牛舍的五个不同位置，在地面附近和 1.5 米高处进行采样。使用 Nessler 试剂分光光度法和亚甲基蓝分光光度法分别测量 NH 和 HS 的浓度。NH 浓度在 0.58 和 4.76 mg/m 之间，平均值为 1.54 mg/m，而 HS 浓度范围在 0.024 和 0.151 mg/m 之间，平均值为 0.092 mg/m。NH 和 HS 的浓度白天高于夜间，地面附近高于 1.5 米处，粪区高于其他区域。牛舍内的 NH 和 HS 浓度与饲料和粪便中的氮和硫含量（P < 0.05）以及牛舍内的温度（P < 0.05）显著相关。NH 的排放量从 13.8 到 41.3 g NH/（AU·d）不等，而 HS 的排放量从 0.15 到 0.46 g HS/（AU·d）不等。这些结果将为中国奶牛业 NH 和 HS 的国家清单提供起点。
