Scott Jordan E, Barlett Christopher P
Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jul 1;10(7):1156. doi: 10.3390/children10071156.
The purpose of the current theoretical review is to argue for the theoretical integration of cyber-racism perpetration into the broader cyberbullying context-making note of the similarities between both types of nefarious online behavior that make this integration appropriate and the differences that make the integration less clear. Cyber-racism and cyberbullying victimization have been shown to be prevalent in youth and is related to poor psychological outcomes. Understanding both types of antisocial online behaviors have implications for the understanding and subsequent reduction of cyber-racism. Our review focuses on a cyber-racism model that proposes the importance of anonymity perceptions afforded to the online user to cause cyber-racism via several routes that focus on (a) online disinhibition, (b) deindividuation and group polarization, and (c) stereotypes. We discuss the tenets of this theory and the overlap with the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model-a learning-based model that focuses on how anonymity eventually predicts cyberbullying via the development of positive cyberbullying attitudes. We believe that theoretical integration is necessary; however, future work needs to test several theoretical underpinnings of these models first. We end with a discussion of theoretical and intervention implications before discussing limitations and future work. Overall, we hope this review sparks interesting future research to understand cyber-racism and broaden the existing research on cyberbullying.
当前这篇理论综述的目的是主张将网络种族主义行为纳入更广泛的网络欺凌背景进行理论整合，同时指出这两种不良网络行为之间的相似之处（这些相似之处使得这种整合具有合理性）以及差异（这些差异使得整合不太清晰）。网络种族主义和网络欺凌受害者现象在青少年中普遍存在，且与不良心理后果相关。理解这两种反社会网络行为对于理解并随后减少网络种族主义具有重要意义。我们的综述聚焦于一个网络种族主义模型，该模型提出了在线用户所感知到的匿名性的重要性，这种匿名性通过几种途径导致网络种族主义，这些途径集中在：（a）网络去抑制，（b）去个体化和群体极化，以及（c）刻板印象。我们讨论了该理论的原则以及与巴特利特·詹蒂莱网络欺凌模型的重叠之处——这是一个基于学习的模型，侧重于匿名性最终如何通过积极的网络欺凌态度的形成来预测网络欺凌。我们认为理论整合是必要的；然而，未来的工作需要首先检验这些模型的几个理论基础。在讨论局限性和未来工作之前，我们最后讨论了理论和干预方面的影响。总体而言，我们希望这篇综述能激发未来有趣的研究，以理解网络种族主义并拓宽现有的网络欺凌研究。
