Lucia Stefania, Digno Mattia, Madinabeitia Iker, Di Russo Francesco
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
Stella Azzurra Basketball Academy, 00191 Rome, Italy.
Brain Sci. 2023 Jun 22;13(7):984. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13070984.
This study tested if, in elite basketball players' training, the integration of a cognitive component within a multi-component training (MCT) could be more effective than an MCT with motor components only to improve both physical and cognitive skills. To this purpose, we designed an MCT focussed on sprint and agility incorporating a cognitive-motor dual-task training (CMDT) focussed on decision-making speed. Specific tests on sprint, agility and decision-making, and event-related potential (ERP) during the latter test were evaluated before and after the intervention. Thirty elite basketball players were recruited and divided into an experimental group executing CMDT integrated into the MCT and a control group performing the motor MCT (without cognitive components). The MCT with CMDT session was performed by four athletes simultaneously that executed different circuits. One circuit was the CMDT which was realized using interactive devices. Results on physical performance showed that only the experimental group improved in sprint and agility and also shortened response time in the decision-making test. At the neural level, the experimental group only shows an increase in the P3 ERP component, which has been associated with a series of post-perceptual cognitive functions, including decision-making. In conclusion, CMDT implemented within an MCT, likely stimulating more than physical training cortical plasticity, could be more effective than a motor MCT alone in improving the physical and cognitive skills of elite basketball players in five weeks only.
本研究旨在测试，在精英篮球运动员的训练中，多成分训练（MCT）中融入认知成分是否比仅包含运动成分的MCT更有效地提高身体和认知技能。为此，我们设计了一种以短跑和敏捷性为重点的MCT，并纳入了以决策速度为重点的认知-运动双任务训练（CMDT）。在干预前后，对短跑、敏捷性和决策进行了特定测试，并在后一项测试中评估了事件相关电位（ERP）。招募了30名精英篮球运动员，分为执行融入CMDT的MCT的实验组和进行纯运动MCT（无认知成分）的对照组。带有CMDT环节的MCT由四名运动员同时进行，他们执行不同的训练流程。其中一个流程是使用交互式设备实现的CMDT。身体性能测试结果表明，只有实验组在短跑和敏捷性方面有所提高，并且在决策测试中缩短了反应时间。在神经层面，实验组仅显示P3 ERP成分增加，这与包括决策在内的一系列感知后认知功能有关。总之，在MCT中实施CMDT，可能不仅刺激了身体训练，还促进了皮质可塑性，在仅五周的时间内，可能比单纯的运动MCT更有效地提高精英篮球运动员的身体和认知技能。
