Forni Fabio, Farinini Emanuele, Leardi Riccardo, Rinaldo Andrea
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy -
Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2022 Apr;62(4):585-592. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.21.12145-0. Epub 2021 Jun 17.
Tennis is an open-skill sport in which the athletes have a short period of time to elaborate all the information coming from the surrounding environment and produce a motor answer based on them. The aim of this study was divided in two hypotheses: 1) to assess if belonging to a certain category, athlete, or non-athlete, older or younger, can affect the development of reaction time on children; and 2) if a protocol based on visual training (VT) of 6 weeks could improve the motor performance on the field in young tennis players using FitLight Trainer (Medical Graphics, Milan, Italy).
In this evidence a group of young children (N.=40) have been tested on light board through reaction test then some young tennis players (N.=15, age: 7-12 years old) were taken as reference for the second hypothesis. They were divided in two groups: 7 of them were in the group Under-10 (U10) while 8 in a second group (U12). They performed a VT protocol once a week for at least 40 minutes for 6 weeks. They were tested at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T6) to evaluate the reaction time, time in specific lateral shift and precision about forehand and backhand.
The development of reaction time of the athletes is principally caused by their growth (P<0.05). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed significant improvements in the Under-10 category in all the tests while in the Under-12 category not every individual showed a significant result in terms of performance.
The developing of reaction time and coordination eye-hand is mainly due to the growth of young athletes. Also, performing a 6-week VT using FitLight Trainer is possible improve the reaction time and the motor performance on the field especially in young tennis players under 10 years old.
网球是一项开放性技能运动，运动员需要在短时间内处理来自周围环境的所有信息，并据此做出运动反应。本研究的目的分为两个假设：1）评估属于特定类别，即运动员或非运动员、年龄较大或较小，是否会影响儿童反应时间的发展；2）基于为期6周的视觉训练（VT）方案，使用FitLight Trainer（意大利米兰医学图形公司）能否提高年轻网球运动员在球场上的运动表现。
在本研究中，一组幼儿（N = 40）通过反应测试在光板上进行了测试，然后选取了一些年轻网球运动员（N = 15，年龄：7 - 12岁）作为第二个假设的参考对象。他们被分为两组：其中7人在10岁以下组（U10），8人在第二组（U12）。他们每周进行一次VT方案，每次至少40分钟，持续6周。在基线（T0）和随访（T6）时对他们进行测试，以评估反应时间、特定侧向移动时间以及正手和反手的精准度。
运动员反应时间的发展主要由其成长引起（P<0.05）。主成分分析（PCA）显示，在所有测试中，10岁以下组有显著改善，而在12岁以下组，并非每个个体在表现方面都有显著结果。
反应时间和眼手协调能力的发展主要归因于年轻运动员的成长。此外，使用FitLight Trainer进行为期6周的VT训练有可能改善反应时间和在球场上的运动表现，尤其是对于10岁以下的年轻网球运动员。
