Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Biomolecules. 2023 Jun 23;13(7):1032. doi: 10.3390/biom13071032.
Modern day broilers have a great genetic potential to gain heavy bodyweights with a huge metabolic demand prior to their fully mature ages. Moreover, this made the broilers prone to opportunistic pathogens which may enter the locomotory organs under stress causing bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis (BCO). Such pathogenic colonization is further accelerated by microfractures and clefts that are formed in the bones due to rapid growth rate of the broilers along with ischemia of blood vessels. Furthermore, there are several pathways which alter bone homeostasis like acute phase response, and intrinsic and extrinsic cell death pathways. In contrast, all the affected birds may not exhibit clinical lameness even with the presence of lameness associated factors causing infection. Although , , and are considered as common bacterial pathogens involved in BCO, but there exist several other non-culturable bacteria. Any deviation from maintaining a homeostatic environment in the gut might lead to bacterial translocation through blood followed by proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in respective organs including bones. It is important to alleviate dysbiosis of the blood which is analogous to dysbiosis in the gut. This can be achieved by supplementing pro, pre, and synbiotics which helps in providing a eubiotic environment abating the bacterial translocation that was studied to the incidence of BCO. This review focused on potential and novel biomarkers, pathophysiological mechanism, the economic significance of BCO, immune mechanisms, and miscellaneous factors causing BCO. In addition, the role of gut microbiomes along with their diversity and cell culture models from compact bones of chicken in better understanding of BCO were explored.
现代肉鸡具有很大的遗传潜力，可以在完全成熟之前增加体重，并产生巨大的代谢需求。此外，这使得肉鸡容易受到机会性病原体的影响，这些病原体可能在应激下进入运动器官，导致细菌性软骨坏死和骨髓炎（BCO）。这种病原定植进一步加速了由于肉鸡快速生长和血管缺血而在骨骼中形成的微裂缝和裂缝。此外，有几种途径可以改变骨骼的动态平衡，如急性期反应、内在和外在细胞死亡途径。相比之下，即使存在与跛行相关的感染因素，所有受影响的鸟类也不一定表现出临床跛行。虽然 、 和 被认为是与 BCO 相关的常见细菌性病原体，但也存在其他几种不可培养的细菌。任何偏离维持肠道内动态平衡的情况都可能导致细菌通过血液转移，随后在包括骨骼在内的各个器官中增殖。减轻血液中的失调类似于肠道中的失调，这一点很重要。通过补充益生菌、预生菌和合生菌来实现这一点，这有助于提供一个有利于细菌转移的生态环境，从而减轻了细菌转移与 BCO 发生率之间的关系。本综述重点介绍了 BCO 的潜在和新型生物标志物、病理生理学机制、经济意义、免疫机制和各种因素。此外，还探讨了肠道微生物组及其多样性以及鸡 Compact Bones 的细胞培养模型在更好地理解 BCO 中的作用。
