Fotea Silvia, Ghiciuc Cristina Mihaela, Stefanescu Gabriela, Cianga Anca Lavinia, Mihai Cristina Maria, Lupu Ancuta, Butnariu Lacramioara Ionela, Starcea Iuliana Magdalena, Salaru Delia Lidia, Mocanu Adriana, Chisnoiu Tatiana, Thet Aye Aung, Miron Lucian, Lupu Vasile Valeriu
Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania.
Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algeziology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jul 21;13(14):2436. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13142436.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a complex infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and it currently represents a worldwide public health emergency. The pediatric population is less prone to develop severe COVID-19 infection, but children presenting underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, are thought to be at increased risk of developing more severe forms of COVID-19. Diabetic children face new challenges when infected with SARS-CoV-2. On one hand, the glycemic values become substantially more difficult to manage as COVID-19 is a predisposing factor for hyperglycemia. On the other hand, alongside other risk factors, high glycemic values are incriminated in modulating immune and inflammatory responses, leading to potentially severe COVID-19 cases in the pediatric population. Also, there are hypotheses of SARS-CoV-2 being diabetogenic itself, but this information is still to be confirmed. Furthermore, it is reported that there was a noticeable increase in the number of cases of new-onset type 2 diabetes among the pediatric population, and the complications in these patients with COVID-19 include the risk of developing autoimmune diseases under the influence of stress. Additionally, children with diabetes mellitus are confronted with lifestyle changes dictated by the pandemic, which can potentially lead to the onset or exacerbation of a potential underlying anxiety disorder or depression. Since the literature contains a series of unknowns related to the impact of COVID-19 in both types of diabetes in children, the purpose of our work is to bring together the data obtained so far and to identify potential knowledge gaps and areas for future investigation regarding COVID-19 and the onset of diabetes type 1 or type 2 among the pediatric population.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的一种复杂的传染病，目前是全球突发公共卫生事件。儿童群体患重症COVID-19感染的可能性较小，但患有潜在疾病（如糖尿病）的儿童被认为患更严重形式COVID-19的风险增加。糖尿病儿童感染SARS-CoV-2时面临新的挑战。一方面，由于COVID-19是高血糖的诱发因素，血糖值变得更难控制。另一方面，除其他风险因素外，高血糖值被认为与免疫和炎症反应的调节有关，导致儿童群体中出现潜在的重症COVID-19病例。此外，还有关于SARS-CoV-2本身具有致糖尿病性的假说，但这一信息仍有待证实。此外，据报道，儿童群体中新发2型糖尿病病例数显著增加，这些COVID-19患者的并发症包括在压力影响下患自身免疫性疾病的风险。此外，糖尿病儿童面临着疫情带来的生活方式改变，这可能会导致潜在的焦虑症或抑郁症的发作或加重。由于文献中包含一系列与COVID-19对儿童两种类型糖尿病的影响相关的未知因素，我们工作的目的是汇总迄今获得的数据，并确定关于COVID-19以及儿童群体中1型或2型糖尿病发病的潜在知识空白和未来研究领域。
