Qu Yujia, Liu Zhiyuan, Wang Yan, Chang Lei, Fan Hongying
School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jul 14;11(14):2025. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11142025.
(1) Background: Aging is a global phenomenon, and China's aging is extensive and rapid and already at the middle to upper level worldwide. Promoting social interaction and increasing positive psychological qualities in individuals are key components in helping people adapt to the physical and mental changes of the aging process. Among them, how middle-aged and older adults improve their physical and mental health through physical activity is of great concern. (2) Methods: This study measured the physical activity of 2721 middle-aged and elderly square dance participants across China, and structural equation modeling was applied to explore the relationship between square dance exercise and group cohesion as well as the role of perceived social support and psychological capital. (3) Results: The results showed that (a) square dance exercise positively predicts group cohesion among middle-aged and older adults. (b) Perceived social support and psychological capital mediate the relationship between square dance exercise and group cohesion, and the mediating role consists of three pathways: perceived social support alone, psychological capital alone, and perceived social support-psychological capital chain mediation. (c) The mediating effect of psychological capital alone is greater than the mediating effect of perceived social support alone and the mediating effect of the perceived social support-psychological capital chain. (4) Conclusions: This study provides support for the theory and practice of square dance exercise and intervention guidance for increasing positive psychological qualities and group dynamic levels in middle-aged and older adults.
(1) 背景：老龄化是一个全球性现象，中国的老龄化规模大、速度快，已处于世界中上游水平。促进社会交往和提升个体积极心理品质是帮助人们适应老龄化过程中身心变化的关键要素。其中，中老年人如何通过体育活动改善身心健康备受关注。(2) 方法：本研究对全国2721名中老年广场舞参与者的体育活动进行了测量，并运用结构方程模型探讨广场舞锻炼与群体凝聚力之间的关系以及感知社会支持和心理资本的作用。(3) 结果：结果表明：(a) 广场舞锻炼正向预测中老年人的群体凝聚力。(b) 感知社会支持和心理资本在广场舞锻炼与群体凝聚力之间起中介作用，中介作用由三条路径构成：单独的感知社会支持、单独的心理资本以及感知社会支持 - 心理资本链式中介。(c) 单独心理资本的中介效应大于单独感知社会支持的中介效应以及感知社会支持 - 心理资本链式中介的中介效应。(4) 结论：本研究为广场舞锻炼的理论与实践提供了支持，并为提升中老年人积极心理品质和群体活力水平提供了干预指导。
