Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 12;24(14):11359. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411359.
Active research of metal-containing compounds and enzymes as effective antifungal agents is currently being conducted due to the growing antifungal resistance problem. Metals are attracting special attention due to the wide variety of ligands that can be used for them, including chemically synthesized and naturally obtained variants as a result of the so-called "green synthesis". The main mechanism of the antifungal action of metals is the triggering of the generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further action of ROS on various biomolecules is nonspecific. Various hydrolytic enzymes (glucanases and proteases), in turn, exhibit antifungal properties by affecting the structural elements of fungal cells (cell walls, membranes), fungal quorum sensing molecules, fungal own protective agents (mycotoxins and antibiotics), and proteins responsible for the adhesion and formation of stable, highly concentrated populations in the form of biofilms. A wide substrate range of enzymes allows the use of various mechanisms of their antifungal actions. In this review, we discuss the prospects of combining two different types of antifungal agents (metals and enzymes) against mycelial fungi and yeast cells. Special attention is paid to the possible influence of metals on the activity of the enzymes and the possible effects of proteins on the antifungal activity of metal-containing compounds.
由于抗真菌药物耐药性问题日益严重，目前正在积极研究含金属化合物和酶作为有效抗真菌药物。由于可以使用各种配体，包括通过所谓的“绿色合成”获得的化学合成和天然变体，金属引起了特别的关注。金属的抗真菌作用的主要机制是触发活性氧（ROS）的产生和积累。ROS 对各种生物分子的进一步作用是非特异性的。各种水解酶（葡聚糖酶和蛋白酶）通过影响真菌细胞的结构元素（细胞壁、膜）、真菌群体感应分子、真菌自身的保护剂（真菌毒素和抗生素）以及负责以生物膜形式形成稳定、高浓度群体的黏附蛋白和形成，表现出抗真菌特性。酶具有广泛的底物范围，允许使用各种机制来发挥其抗真菌作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了将两种不同类型的抗真菌药物（金属和酶）联合用于丝状真菌和酵母细胞的前景。特别关注金属对酶活性的可能影响以及蛋白质对含金属化合物抗真菌活性的可能影响。
