14th Paediatric Ward-Pulmonology and Allergology, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, ul. Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wrocław, Poland.
1st Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology Wrocław Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 2a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 15;24(14):11499. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411499.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by shortness of breath, chest tightness, coughing, and wheezing. For several decades (approximately 30 years), miRNAs and their role in asthma have been of constant interest among scientists. These small, non-coding RNA fragments, 18-25 nucleotides long, regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the target mRNA. In this way, they affect several biological processes, e.g., shaping airway structures, producing cytokines and immune mediators, and controlling defense mechanisms. Publications confirm their potential role in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, but only some articles address the use of miRNAs in the treatment of asthma. The following paper reviews the latest available studies and presents miRNAs as a useful tool for predicting the effectiveness of the included treatment, early diagnosis of exacerbations, and in assessing patient compliance for different groups of drugs used in asthma. The latest known pathways underlying the pathogenesis of the disease, which are associated with a change in miRNA expression, may be precise targets of therapeutic activity in the future.
哮喘是一种气道慢性炎症性疾病，其特征是呼吸急促、胸闷、咳嗽和喘息。几十年来（约 30 年），miRNAs 及其在哮喘中的作用一直是科学家们关注的焦点。这些 18-25 个核苷酸长的小非编码 RNA 片段通过与靶 mRNA 结合在转录后水平上调节基因表达。通过这种方式，它们影响几个生物学过程，例如，塑造气道结构、产生细胞因子和免疫调节剂以及控制防御机制。出版物证实了它们在疾病诊断和监测中的潜在作用，但只有一些文章涉及使用 miRNAs 治疗哮喘。本文综述了最新的可用研究，并提出了 miRNAs 作为一种有用的工具，可用于预测包括治疗在内的治疗效果，早期诊断加重，以及评估不同药物组的患者依从性，这些药物用于哮喘。与 miRNA 表达变化相关的疾病发病机制的最新已知途径可能是未来治疗活动的精确靶点。
