Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Cells. 2024 Aug 14;13(16):1355. doi: 10.3390/cells13161355.
Recent advancements in asthma management include non-invasive methodologies such as sputum analysis, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). These techniques offer a means to assess airway inflammation, a critical feature of asthma, without invasive procedures. Sputum analysis provides detailed insights into airway inflammation patterns and cellular composition, guiding personalized treatment strategies. EBC collection, reflecting bronchoalveolar lining fluid composition, provides a non-invasive window into airway physiology. FeNO emerges as a pivotal biomarker, offering insights into eosinophilic airway inflammation and aiding in asthma diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and the prediction of exacerbation risks. Despite inherent limitations, each method offers valuable tools for a more comprehensive assessment of asthma. Combining these techniques with traditional methods like spirometry may lead to more personalized treatment plans and improved patient outcomes. Future research is crucial to refine protocols, validate biomarkers, and establish comprehensive guidelines in order to enhance asthma management with tailored therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.
哮喘管理的最新进展包括非侵入性方法，如痰分析、呼出气冷凝液 (EBC) 和呼出气一氧化氮分数 (FeNO)。这些技术提供了一种无需侵入性程序即可评估气道炎症的方法，而气道炎症是哮喘的关键特征。痰分析提供了有关气道炎症模式和细胞组成的详细信息，指导个性化治疗策略。EBC 收集反映了细支气管肺泡衬里液的组成，为气道生理学提供了一个非侵入性窗口。FeNO 作为一个关键的生物标志物出现，提供了对嗜酸性气道炎症的深入了解，并有助于哮喘的诊断、治疗监测以及加重风险的预测。尽管存在固有局限性，但每种方法都为更全面地评估哮喘提供了有价值的工具。将这些技术与传统方法（如肺活量测定法）相结合，可能会导致制定更个性化的治疗计划和改善患者结局。未来的研究对于完善方案、验证生物标志物以及制定全面的指南至关重要，以便通过量身定制的治疗策略和改善患者结局来增强哮喘管理。
