Porta Francesca Maria, Sajjadi Elham, Venetis Konstantinos, Frascarelli Chiara, Cursano Giulia, Guerini-Rocco Elena, Fusco Nicola, Ivanova Mariia
Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2023 Jul 23;13(7):1176. doi: 10.3390/jpm13071176.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant challenge in terms of prognosis and disease recurrence. The limited treatment options and the development of resistance to chemotherapy make it particularly difficult to manage these patients. However, recent research has been shifting its focus towards biomarker-based approaches for TNBC, with a particular emphasis on the tumor immune landscape. Immune biomarkers in TNBC are now a subject of great interest due to the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in these tumors. This characteristic often coincides with the presence of PD-L1 expression on both neoplastic cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, a subset of TNBC harbor mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) TNBC, which is frequently accompanied by microsatellite instability (MSI). All of these immune biomarkers hold actionable potential for guiding patient selection in immunotherapy. To fully capitalize on these opportunities, the identification of additional or complementary biomarkers and the implementation of highly customized testing strategies are of paramount importance in TNBC. In this regard, this article aims to provide an overview of the current state of the art in immune-related biomarkers for TNBC. Specifically, it focuses on the various testing methodologies available and sheds light on the immediate future perspectives for patient selection. By delving into the advancements made in understanding the immune landscape of TNBC, this study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge in the field. The ultimate goal is to pave the way for the development of more personalized testing strategies, ultimately improving outcomes for TNBC patients.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）在预后和疾病复发方面构成了重大挑战。治疗选择有限以及对化疗产生耐药性，使得管理这些患者尤为困难。然而，最近的研究已将重点转向基于生物标志物的TNBC治疗方法，特别强调肿瘤免疫格局。由于这些肿瘤中存在肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TILs），TNBC中的免疫生物标志物现在备受关注。这一特征通常与肿瘤微环境中肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞上PD-L1表达的存在相吻合。此外，一部分TNBC存在错配修复缺陷（dMMR），这通常伴随着微卫星不稳定性（MSI）。所有这些免疫生物标志物在指导免疫治疗中的患者选择方面都具有可操作的潜力。为了充分利用这些机会，在TNBC中识别额外的或互补的生物标志物以及实施高度定制的检测策略至关重要。在这方面，本文旨在概述TNBC免疫相关生物标志物的当前技术水平。具体而言，它关注现有的各种检测方法，并阐明患者选择的近期前景。通过深入了解TNBC免疫格局方面取得的进展，本研究旨在为该领域不断增长的知识体系做出贡献。最终目标是为开发更个性化的检测策略铺平道路，最终改善TNBC患者的治疗结果。
