Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of Jack Ethanolic Extract.

Tongkat ali ( Jack) (ELJ) is a plant in the Simaroubaceae family. Its roots are used in traditional Thai medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and fever; however, the antiulcer abilities of its ethanolic extract have not been studied. This study examined the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, and gastroprotective effects of ethanolic ELJ extract in animal models and found that ELJ effectively reduced EPP-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner and that a high dose of ELJ inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema formation. In cotton-pellet-induced granuloma formation, a high dose of ELJ suppressed the increases in wet granuloma weight but not dry or transudative weight. In the formalin-induced nociception study, ELJ had a significant dose-dependent inhibitory impact. Additionally, the study found that yeast-induced hyperthermia could be significantly reduced by antipyretic action at the highest dose of ELJ. In all the gastric ulcer models induced by chemical substances or physical activity, ELJ extracts at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg also effectively prevented gastric ulcer formation. In the pyloric ligation model, however, the effects of ELJ extract on gastric volume, gastric pH, and total acidity were statistically insignificant. These findings support the current widespread use of Jack in traditional medicine, suggest the plant's medicinal potential for development of phytomedicines with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic properties, and support its use in the treatment of gastric ulcers due to its gastroprotective properties.