Maslennikova Dilara, Knyazeva Inna, Vershinina Oksana, Titenkov Andrey, Lastochkina Oksana
Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia.
Life (Basel). 2023 Jul 2;13(7):1499. doi: 10.3390/life13071499.
Although salinity inhibits plant growth, the use of a nitric oxide (NO) gasotransmitter can reduce its negative effects. In this study, the influence of 200 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (donor of NO) on wheat plants ( L., cv. Salavat Yulaev) in conditions of salinization (100 mM NaCl) was analyzed in pot experiments. Seed priming regulated the level of endogenous NO in normal and salinity conditions throughout the entire experiment (30 and 60 days). Salinity led to the strong accumulation of NO and HO, which is negative for plants, and significantly reduced leaf area and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids). In addition, stress caused a drop in the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA), an accumulation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and significantly activated glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in wheat leaves. SNP treatment significantly attenuated the negative effects of salinity on leaf area and photosynthetic pigments. An important indicator of reducing the damaging effect of salinity on treated plants is the stabilization of the content of GSH and ASA throughout the experiment (60 days). This condition has been associated with long-term modulation of GR and APX activity. Such an effect of 200 μM SNP may be related to its ability to reduce stress-induced accumulation of NO. Additional accumulation of proline also mitigated the negative effect of salinity on plants, and this also evidenced decreased LPO and HO in them. For the first time, in natural growing conditions (small-scale field experiments), it was found that pre-sowing seed treatment with 200 μM SNP led to an improvement in the main yield indicators and an increase in the content of essential amino acids in wheat grains. Thus, SNP treatment can be used as an effective approach for prolonged protection of wheat plants under salinity and to improve grain yield and its quality.
尽管盐度会抑制植物生长，但使用一氧化氮（NO）气体信号分子可以减轻其负面影响。在本研究中，通过盆栽实验分析了200μM硝普钠（SNP，NO供体）对盐渍化（100 mM NaCl）条件下小麦植株（L.，品种Salavat Yulaev）的影响。在整个实验过程（30天和60天）中，种子引发调节了正常和盐渍条件下的内源性NO水平。盐度导致NO和HO大量积累，这对植物是不利的，并显著降低了叶面积和光合色素（叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素）。此外，胁迫导致小麦叶片中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和抗坏血酸（ASA）含量下降，氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）积累，并显著激活了谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和脂质过氧化（LPO）。SNP处理显著减轻了盐度对叶面积和光合色素的负面影响。在整个实验期间（60天），GSH和ASA含量的稳定是减轻盐度对处理植株伤害作用的一个重要指标。这种情况与GR和APX活性的长期调节有关。200μM SNP的这种作用可能与其降低胁迫诱导的NO积累的能力有关。脯氨酸的额外积累也减轻了盐度对植物的负面影响，这也证明了植物中LPO和HO的减少。首次在自然生长条件下（小规模田间试验）发现，用200μM SNP进行播种前种子处理可改善主要产量指标，并提高小麦籽粒中必需氨基酸的含量。因此，SNP处理可作为一种有效的方法，用于在盐渍条件下长期保护小麦植株，并提高籽粒产量及其品质。
