Maslennikova Dilara, Knyazeva Inna, Vershinina Oksana, Titenkov Andrey, Lastochkina Oksana
Ufa Federal Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM», 109428 Moscow, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jun 6;13(11):1569. doi: 10.3390/plants13111569.
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development and mitigating the negative effects of various stresses, including salinity. In this study, the effect of 50 μM SA on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat plants under normal and stress conditions was investigated. The results showed that on the 28th day of the growing season, SA pretreatment continued to stimulate the growth of wheat plants. This was evident through an increase in shoot length and leaf area, with the regulation of leaf blade width playing a significant role in this effect. Additionally, SA improved photosynthesis by increasing the content of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoids (Car), resulting in an increased TAP (total amount of pigments) index in the leaves. Furthermore, SA treatment led to a balanced increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the leaves, accompanied by a slight but significant accumulation of ascorbic acid (ASA), hydrogen peroxide (HO), proline, and the activation of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Exposure to salt stress for 28 days resulted in a reduction in length and leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and GSH and ASA content in wheat leaves. It also led to the accumulation of HO and proline and significant activation of GR and APX. However, SA pretreatment exhibited a long-term growth-stimulating and protective effect under stress conditions. It significantly mitigated the negative impacts of salinity on leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and HO. Furthermore, SA reduced the salinity-induced depletion of GSH and ASA levels, which was associated with the modulation of GR and APX activities. In small-scale field experiments conducted under natural growing conditions, pre-sowing seed treatment with 50 μM SA improved the main indicators of grain yield and increased the content of essential amino acids in wheat grains. Thus, SA pretreatment can be considered an effective approach for providing prolonged protection to wheat plants under salinity and improving grain yield and quality.
水杨酸（SA）在调节植物生长发育以及减轻包括盐胁迫在内的各种胁迫的负面影响方面发挥着关键作用。在本研究中，研究了50μM水杨酸对正常和胁迫条件下小麦植株生理生化参数的影响。结果表明，在生长季节的第28天，水杨酸预处理持续刺激小麦植株生长。这通过茎长和叶面积的增加得以体现，其中叶片宽度的调节在这种效应中发挥了重要作用。此外，水杨酸通过增加叶绿素a（Chl a）和类胡萝卜素（Car）的含量来改善光合作用，导致叶片中的总色素（TAP）指数增加。此外，水杨酸处理导致叶片中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）水平平衡增加，同时伴随着抗坏血酸（ASA）、过氧化氢（HO）、脯氨酸的轻微但显著积累，以及谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的激活。盐胁迫处理28天导致小麦叶片的长度、叶面积、光合色素以及GSH和ASA含量降低。它还导致HO和脯氨酸的积累以及GR和APX的显著激活。然而，水杨酸预处理在胁迫条件下表现出长期的生长刺激和保护作用。它显著减轻了盐胁迫对叶面积、光合色素、脯氨酸积累、脂质过氧化和HO的负面影响。此外，水杨酸减少了盐胁迫诱导的GSH和ASA水平的消耗，这与GR和APX活性的调节有关。在自然生长条件下进行的小规模田间试验中，用50μM水杨酸进行播种前种子处理提高了产量的主要指标，并增加了小麦籽粒中必需氨基酸的含量。因此，水杨酸预处理可被视为一种在盐胁迫下为小麦植株提供长期保护并提高籽粒产量和品质的有效方法。
