Joseph Gili, Cohen Carmit, Rubin Carmit, Murad Havi, Indenbaum Victoria, Asraf Keren, Weiss-Ottolenghi Yael, Segal-Lieberman Gabriella, Kreiss Yitshak, Lustig Yaniv, Regev-Yochay Gili
The Sheba Pandemic Preparedness Research Institute (SPRI), and Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.
Gertner Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jun 22;11(7):1628. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071628.
To study the differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the response to vaccination, we characterized the humoral immune kinetics of these situations. In this prospective longitudinal study, we followed unvaccinated COVID-19-recovered individuals ( = 130) and naïve, two-dose BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals ( = 372) who were age- and BMI-matched for six months during the first pandemic year. Anti-RBD-IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and avidity were assessed monthly. For recovered patients, data on symptoms and the severity of the disease were collected. Anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs titers at peak were higher after vaccination vs. after infection, but the decline was steeper (peak log IgG: 3.08 vs. 1.81, peak log NAbs: 5.93 vs. 5.04, slopes: -0.54 vs. -0.26). Peak anti-RBD-IgG and NAbs were higher in recovered individuals with BMI > 30 and in older individuals compared to individuals with BMI < 30, younger population. Of the recovered, 42 (36%) experienced long-COVID symptoms. Avidity was initially higher in vaccinated individuals compared with recovered individuals, though with time, it increased in recovered individuals but not among vaccinated individuals. Here, we show that while the initial antibody titers, neutralization, and avidity are lower in SARS-CoV-2-recovered individuals, they persist for a longer duration. These results suggest differential protection against COVID-19 in recovered-unvaccinated vs. naïve-vaccinated individuals.
为了研究与接种疫苗后的免疫反应相比，感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）后的免疫反应差异，我们对这些情况下的体液免疫动力学进行了表征。在这项前瞻性纵向研究中，我们跟踪了未接种疫苗的新冠康复个体（n = 130）和未感染过新冠、接种两剂BNT162b2疫苗的个体（n = 372），这些个体在疫情第一年的六个月内年龄和体重指数（BMI）相匹配。每月评估抗受体结合域（RBD）免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、中和抗体（NAbs）和亲和力。对于康复患者，收集了症状和疾病严重程度的数据。接种疫苗后抗RBD-IgG和NAbs滴度峰值高于感染后，但下降更陡峭（IgG峰值对数：3.08对1.81，NAbs峰值对数：5.93对5.04，斜率：-0.54对-0.26）。与BMI<30的年轻个体相比，BMI>30的康复个体和老年个体的抗RBD-IgG和NAbs峰值更高。在康复者中，42人（36%）出现了长期新冠症状。与康复个体相比，接种疫苗个体的亲和力最初较高，不过随着时间推移，康复个体的亲和力增加，而接种疫苗个体的亲和力没有增加。在这里，我们表明，虽然SARS-CoV-2康复个体的初始抗体滴度、中和能力和亲和力较低，但它们持续的时间更长。这些结果表明，康复未接种疫苗个体与未感染过新冠接种疫苗个体对新冠病毒的保护作用存在差异。
