Thielicke Matthias, Ahlborn Julian, Eichler-Löbermann Bettina, Eulenstein Frank
Department Sustainable Grassland Systems, Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Gutshof 7, 14641 Paulinenaue, Germany.
Botany Division, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, 02806 Görlitz, Germany.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jun 26;11(7):1663. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11071663.
Many studies describe the positive effect of mycorrhiza, but few report on negative effects. Furthermore, there is a research gap on the mechanisms under which conditions the symbiotic mycorrhizal plant interaction or a parasitic one predominates. The study was conducted as a field experiment over three years to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza () and soil bacteria applications on fertile soil. A standard fertilizer (diammonium phosphate) and two microgranular fertilizers (mineral and organomineral) were applied alone or in combination with the biostimulants mycorrhiza and/or soil bacteria (). The application of the mycorrhiza as the only biostimulant resulted in lower yields compared to all fertilizer variants without the mycorrhiza or with mycorrhiza in combination with soil bacteria in the dry years 2015 ( = 0.0241) and 2016 ( = 0.0003). The usage of soil bacteria alone, or soil bacteria with fertilizer, resulted in few occasional significant differences. The combination with soil bacteria raised the yield of mycorrhiza-treated fertilizer variants to a significant extent in 2015 ( = 0.0007) and 2016 ( = 0.0019). The negative effects of mycorrhiza application in this study were alleviated by the simultaneous use of soil bacteria. Treatments with organomineral microgranular fertilizer, which were expected to promote the naturally occurring soil microbiome more than the mineral fertilizer variants, were most negatively affected by the mycorrhiza. We hypothesize that the naturally occurring microbiome of the study site was already optimal for maize plants, and thus the successful introduction of other microorganisms through the application of the mycorrhiza and soil bacteria tended not to be beneficial. The present study is the first report on the negative influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on maize yields gained with a standard fertilizer (diammonium phosphate) and two microgranular fertilizer, and the alleviation of that impact by combined application of soil bacteria. We conclude that the application of the used biostimulants may have negative impacts on maize yield if the soil is already rich in nutrients and water is the limiting factor.
许多研究描述了菌根的积极作用，但很少有关于负面影响的报道。此外，对于共生菌根植物相互作用或寄生相互作用在何种条件下占主导地位的机制，还存在研究空白。该研究作为一项为期三年的田间试验，旨在调查菌根（）和土壤细菌对肥沃土壤的影响。单独施用标准肥料（磷酸二铵）和两种微颗粒肥料（矿物肥料和有机矿物肥料），或与生物刺激剂菌根和/或土壤细菌（）联合施用。在2015年（P = 0.0241）和2016年（P = 0.0003）干旱年份，与所有不添加菌根或菌根与土壤细菌联合使用的肥料变体相比，仅将菌根作为生物刺激剂施用导致产量较低。单独使用土壤细菌或土壤细菌与肥料结合使用，偶尔会产生一些显著差异。在2015年（P = 0.0007）和2016年（P = 0.0019），与土壤细菌结合使用在很大程度上提高了菌根处理肥料变体的产量。在本研究中，同时使用土壤细菌减轻了施用菌根的负面影响。预计有机矿物微颗粒肥料比矿物肥料变体更能促进自然存在的土壤微生物群落，但受菌根的负面影响最大。我们推测，研究地点的自然微生物群落对玉米植株来说已经是最佳的，因此通过施用菌根和土壤细菌成功引入其他微生物往往并无益处。本研究首次报道了丛枝菌根对使用标准肥料（磷酸二铵）和两种微颗粒肥料获得的玉米产量的负面影响，以及通过联合施用土壤细菌减轻这种影响。我们得出结论，如果土壤已经富含养分且水是限制因素，那么所使用的生物刺激剂的施用可能会对玉米产量产生负面影响。
