Schegolev Andrey E, Klenov Nikolay V, Gubochkin Georgy I, Kupriyanov Mikhail Yu, Soloviev Igor I
Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jul 19;13(14):2101. doi: 10.3390/nano13142101.
The imitative modelling of processes in the brain of living beings is an ambitious task. However, advances in the complexity of existing hardware brain models are limited by their low speed and high energy consumption. A superconducting circuit with Josephson junctions closely mimics the neuronal membrane with channels involved in the operation of the sodium-potassium pump. The dynamic processes in such a system are characterised by a duration of picoseconds and an energy level of attojoules. In this work, two superconducting models of a biological neuron are studied. New modes of their operation are identified, including the so-called bursting mode, which plays an important role in biological neural networks. The possibility of switching between different modes in situ is shown, providing the possibility of dynamic control of the system. A synaptic connection that mimics the short-term potentiation of a biological synapse is developed and demonstrated. Finally, the simplest two-neuron chain comprising the proposed bio-inspired components is simulated, and the prospects of superconducting hardware biosimilars are briefly discussed.
对生物大脑中的过程进行模拟建模是一项艰巨的任务。然而，现有硬件大脑模型的复杂性进展受到其低速度和高能耗的限制。具有约瑟夫森结的超导电路紧密模拟了带有参与钠钾泵运作的通道的神经元膜。这种系统中的动态过程以皮秒级的持续时间和阿焦耳级的能量水平为特征。在这项工作中，研究了生物神经元的两种超导模型。确定了它们的新运作模式，包括所谓的爆发模式，该模式在生物神经网络中起着重要作用。展示了原位在不同模式之间切换的可能性，为系统的动态控制提供了可能。开发并演示了一种模拟生物突触短期增强的突触连接。最后，对由所提出的受生物启发的组件组成的最简单的双神经元链进行了模拟，并简要讨论了超导硬件仿生模型的前景。
