Nath Jayashree, De Jayita, Sur Shantanu, Banerjee Pratik
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
Pathogens. 2023 Jun 29;12(7):888. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12070888.
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are hotspots for the exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) between different bacterial taxa in the environment. Propagation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue that needs special attention concerning horizontal gene transfer (HGT) under micro-nano plastics (MNPs) pressure. Interactions between MNPs and microbes, or mere persistence of MNPs in the environment (either water or soil), influence microbial gene expressions, affecting autochthonous microbiomes, their resistomes, and the overall ecosystem. The adsorption of a range of co-contaminants on MNPs leads to the increased interaction of pollutants with microbes resulting in changes in AMR, virulence, toxin production, etc. However, accurately estimating the extent of MNP infestation in agroecosystems remains challenging. The main limitation in estimating the level of MNPs contamination in agroecosystems, surface and subsurface waters, or sediments is the lack of standardized protocols for extraction of MPs and analytical detection methods from complex high organic content matrices. Nonetheless, recent advances in MPs detection from complex matrices with high organic matter content are highly promising. This review aims to provide an overview of relevant information available to date and summarize the already existing knowledge about the mechanisms of MNP-microbe interactions including the different factors with influence on HGT and AMR. In-depth knowledge of the enhanced ARGs propagation in the environment under the influence of MNPs could raise the needed awareness, about future consequences and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）是环境中不同细菌类群之间抗微生物抗性基因（ARGs）交换的热点。抗微生物抗性（AMR）的传播是一个全球公共卫生问题，在微纳米塑料（MNPs）压力下的水平基因转移（HGT）方面需要特别关注。MNPs与微生物之间的相互作用，或者MNPs在环境（水或土壤）中的单纯持久性，会影响微生物基因表达，影响本地微生物群落、其抗性组以及整个生态系统。一系列共污染物在MNPs上的吸附导致污染物与微生物的相互作用增加，从而导致AMR、毒力、毒素产生等方面的变化。然而，准确估计农业生态系统中MNP的侵染程度仍然具有挑战性。估计农业生态系统、地表水和地下水或沉积物中MNPs污染水平的主要限制在于缺乏从复杂的高有机含量基质中提取MPs的标准化方案和分析检测方法。尽管如此，从高有机质含量的复杂基质中检测MPs的最新进展非常有前景。本综述旨在概述迄今为止可用的相关信息，并总结关于MNP - 微生物相互作用机制的现有知识，包括影响HGT和AMR的不同因素。深入了解在MNPs影响下环境中增强的ARGs传播情况，可以提高人们对未来后果和多重耐药细菌出现的必要认识。
