Synthesis and Characterization of Core-Double-Shell-Structured PVDF--BaTiO/P(VDF--HFP) Nanocomposite Films.

Core-double-shell-structured nanocomposite films consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride--barium titanate (PVDF--BT) incorporated into a P(VDF-co-hexafluoropropylene (HFP)) copolymer matrix were produced via a solution mixing method for energy storage applications. The resulting films were thoroughly investigated via spectroscopic, thermal, and morphological analyses. Thermogravimetric data provided an enhancement of the thermal stability, while differential scanning calorimetry indicated an increase in the crystallinity of the films after the addition of PVDF--BT. Moreover, broadband dielectric spectroscopy revealed three dielectric processes, namely, glass-rubber relaxation (α), relaxation associated with the polymer crystalline phase (α), and slower relaxation in the nanocomposites resulting from the accumulation of charge on the interface between the PVDF--BT filler and the P(VDF--HFP) matrix. The dependence of the dielectric constant from the composition was analyzed, and we found that the highest permittivity enhancement was obtained by the highest concentration filler added to the largest concentration of P(VDF--HFP). Mechanical analysis revealed an improvement in Young's modulus for all nanocomposites versus pristine P(VDF--HFP), confirming the uniformity of the distribution of the PVDF--BT nanocomposite with a strong interaction with the copolymer matrix, as also evidenced via scanning electron microscopy. The suggested system is promising for use in high-energy-density storage devices as supercapacitors.