Coertse Jessica, Viljoen Natalie, Weyer Jacqueline, Markotter Wanda
Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa.
Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jul 18;11(7):1255. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11071255.
Novel lyssaviruses, the causative agents of rabies, continue to be described mostly due to increased surveillance in bat hosts. Biologicals for the prevention of rabies in humans have, however, remained largely unchanged for decades. This study aimed to determine if commercial rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) could neutralize diverse lyssaviruses. Two commercial preparations, of human or equine origin, were evaluated against a panel consisting of 13 lyssavirus species. Reduced neutralization was observed for the majority of lyssaviruses compared to rabies virus and was more evident for lyssaviruses outside of phylogroup I. Neutralization of more diverse lyssaviruses only occurred at very high doses, except for Ikoma lyssavirus, which could not be neutralized by the RIG evaluated in this study. The use of RIG is a crucial component of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and the data generated here indicate that RIG, in its current form, will not protect against all lyssaviruses. In addition, higher doses of RIG may be required for neutralization as the genetic distance from vaccine strains increases. Given the limitations of current RIG preparations, alternative passive immunization options should be investigated.
新型狂犬病病毒作为狂犬病的病原体，主要由于对蝙蝠宿主监测的增加而不断被发现。然而，几十年来，用于预防人类狂犬病的生物制品在很大程度上保持不变。本研究旨在确定市售狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIG）是否能中和多种狂犬病病毒。对两种人源或马源的市售制剂进行了评估，受试对象包括13种狂犬病病毒。与狂犬病病毒相比，大多数狂犬病病毒的中和作用有所降低，并且在系统发育群I之外的狂犬病病毒中更为明显。除了伊科马狂犬病病毒外，只有在非常高的剂量下才能中和更多种类的狂犬病病毒，而本研究中评估的RIG无法中和伊科马狂犬病病毒。使用RIG是狂犬病暴露后预防的关键组成部分，此处产生的数据表明，目前形式的RIG不能预防所有狂犬病病毒。此外，随着与疫苗株的遗传距离增加，可能需要更高剂量的RIG来进行中和。鉴于目前RIG制剂的局限性，应研究替代的被动免疫方案。
