University of Northern British Columbia, Northern Medical Program, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Human Brain Laboratory, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; University of Victoria, Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research (CISUR), 2300 McKenzie Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia V8N 5M8, Canada.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Biostatistics Core, 60 White Squirrel Way, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada.
Addict Behav. 2023 Nov;146:107813. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107813. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
A central goal of the Cannabis Act (October 17, 2018) - Canada's national cannabis legalization framework - aimed to reduce cannabis-related criminalization and consequent impact on the Canadian criminal justice system. We assessed whether Canada's cannabis legalization was associated with changes in adult police-reported cannabis-related, property, or violent criminal incidents.
Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) time series models evaluated relations between legalization and adult cannabis-related, property, and violent crimes, using criminal incident data from the Canadian Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR-2; January 1, 2015-December 31, 2021).
National police-reported adult cannabis-related offenses (n = 247,249), property crimes (n = 2,299,777), and violent crimes (n = 1,903,762).
Implementation of the Cannabis Act was associated with decreases in adult police-reported cannabis-related offenses: females, -13.2 daily incidents (95% CI, -16.4; -10.1; p < 0.001) - a reduction of 73.9% [standard error (se), 30.6%]; males, -69.4 daily offenses (95% CI, -81.5; -57.2; p < 0.001) - a drop of 83.2% (se, 21.2%). Legalization was not associated with significant changes in the adult property-crime or violent-crime series.
Our findings suggest that Canada's cannabis legalization was successful in reducing cannabis-related criminalization among adults. There was also a lack of evidence for spillover effects of cannabis legalization on adult property or violent crimes.
《大麻法》（2018 年 10 月 17 日）-加拿大国家大麻合法化框架-的一个核心目标是减少与大麻相关的刑事定罪及其对加拿大刑事司法系统的影响。我们评估了加拿大的大麻合法化是否与成人报告的与大麻相关、财产或暴力犯罪事件的变化有关。
使用加拿大统一犯罪报告调查（UCR-2；2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日）中的犯罪事件数据，采用季节性自回归综合移动平均（SARIMA）时间序列模型评估合法化与成人与大麻相关、财产和暴力犯罪之间的关系。
全国警方报告的成人与大麻相关的犯罪（n=247249）、财产犯罪（n=2299777）和暴力犯罪（n=1903762）。
《大麻法》的实施与成人警方报告的与大麻相关的犯罪减少有关：女性，-13.2 每日事件（95%置信区间，-16.4；-10.1；p<0.001）-减少 73.9%[标准误差（se），30.6%]；男性，-69.4 每日犯罪（95%置信区间，-81.5；-57.2；p<0.001）-下降 83.2%（se，21.2%）。合法化与成人财产犯罪或暴力犯罪系列没有显著变化相关。
我们的研究结果表明，加拿大的大麻合法化成功地减少了成年人与大麻相关的刑事定罪。大麻合法化对成人财产或暴力犯罪也没有溢出效应的证据。
