Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
J Nat Med. 2023 Sep;77(4):978-985. doi: 10.1007/s11418-023-01733-7. Epub 2023 Jul 30.
The dried and fermented leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii are currently used as crude drugs (Sweet Hydrangea Leaf) with a sweet taste for patients with diabetes. In recent years, cases of food poisoning with symptoms of vomiting etc. have been reported after drinking a decoction of this crude drug. Cyanogenic glycosides have been suggested as potential causative agents. However, cyanogenic glycosides from H. macrophylla var. thunbergii was ambiguous. In the present study, we found that the leaves contained the cyanogenic glycoside taxiphillin (1). Next, the content of 1 in leaves of different sizes, colors, parts, and growth periods was quantified. In addition, we prepared the leaves of plants grown in five types of soils with different pH values (pH 5.0-7.5). The content of 1 in the leaves of the plants grown in these soils was quantified. The content of 1 varied greatly, with more than a three-fold difference, depending on when the leaves were collected from the plants. Furthermore, we compared the content of 1 in the crude drug obtained under different processing conditions for H. macrophylla var. thunbergii. The results showed that 1 was mostly hydrolyzed during plant processing. It has been suggested that cyanogenic glycosides are not the causative constituents of food poisoning.
绣球花（大八仙花变种）的干品和发酵叶目前被用作有甜味的中药材（甜绣球叶），供糖尿病患者使用。近年来，有报道称饮用该粗药煎剂后出现呕吐等食物中毒症状。氰苷类化合物被认为是潜在的致病因子。然而，大八仙花变种中的氰苷类化合物并不明确。本研究发现，该叶中含有氰苷类taxiphillin（1）。接着，我们定量分析了不同大小、颜色、部位和生长时期叶片中 1 的含量。此外，我们还制备了在 pH 值为 5.0-7.5 的五种不同土壤中生长的植物的叶片。定量分析了这些土壤中生长的植物叶片中 1 的含量。1 的含量变化很大，根据植物叶片的采集时间，含量差异超过三倍。此外，我们比较了不同绣球花（大八仙花变种）加工条件下获得的中药材中 1 的含量。结果表明，1 在植物加工过程中大部分被水解。这表明氰苷类化合物不是食物中毒的致病成分。
