Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Canada; Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis and Resilience, Canada.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Sep;152:105333. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105333. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Sex/gender differences in cognitive sciences are riddled by conflicting perspectives. At the center of debates are clinical, social, and political perspectives. Front and center, evolutionary and biological perspectives have often focused on 'nature' arguments, while feminist and constructivist views have often focused on 'nurture arguments regarding cognitive sex differences. In the current narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding the origins and historical advancement of these debates while providing a summary of the results in the field of sexually polymorphic cognition. In so doing, we attempt to highlight the importance of using transdisciplinary perspectives which help bridge disciplines together to provide a refined understanding the specific factors that drive sex differences a gender diversity in cognitive abilities. To summarize, biological sex (e.g., birth-assigned sex, sex hormones), socio-cultural gender (gender identity, gender roles), and sexual orientation each uniquely shape the cognitive abilities reviewed. To date, however, few studies integrate these sex and gender factors together to better understand individual differences in cognitive functioning. This has potential benefits if a broader understanding of sex and gender factors are systematically measured when researching and treating numerous conditions where cognition is altered.
性别差异在认知科学中存在诸多争议，这些争议源于不同的观点。临床、社会和政治观点是争议的核心。进化和生物学观点通常关注“自然”论点，而女权主义和建构主义观点则经常关注“教养”论点，这些论点涉及认知性别差异。在当前的叙述性综述中，我们提供了这些争论的起源和历史进展的全面概述，并总结了性多态认知领域的研究结果。通过这样做，我们试图强调使用跨学科视角的重要性，这些视角有助于将不同学科联系起来，提供对驱动认知能力性别差异和性别多样性的具体因素的精细理解。总之，生物学性别（例如，出生时分配的性别、性激素）、社会文化性别（性别认同、性别角色）和性取向都独特地塑造了所审查的认知能力。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究将这些性别和性别因素综合起来，以更好地理解认知功能的个体差异。如果在研究和治疗认知改变的众多情况下系统地测量更广泛的性别和性别因素，这将具有潜在的好处。
