Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall 513, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2023 Oct;59:101096. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101096. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Climate change can generate cascading effects on animals through compounding stressors. As ectotherms, insects are particularly susceptible to variation in temperature and extreme events. How insects respond to temperature often occurs with respect to their environment, and a pertinent question involves how thermal stress integrates with insect capabilities to resolve interactions with gut microorganisms (microbiome and gut pathogens). We explore the impact of elevated temperatures and the impact of the host physiological response influencing immune system regulation and the gut microbiome. We summarize the literature involving how elevated temperature extremes impact insect gut immune systems, and how in turn that alters potential interactions with the gut microbiome and potential pathogens. Temperature effects on immunity are complex, and ultimate effects on microbial components can vary by system. Moreover, there are multiple questions yet to explore in how insects contend with simultaneous abiotic stressors and potential trade-offs in their response to opportunistic microbiota.
气候变化会通过复合胁迫对动物产生级联效应。作为变温动物，昆虫特别容易受到温度变化和极端事件的影响。昆虫对温度的反应通常与其所处的环境有关，一个相关的问题是热应激如何与昆虫解决与肠道微生物（微生物组和肠道病原体）相互作用的能力相结合。我们探讨了高温的影响，以及宿主生理反应对免疫系统调节和肠道微生物组的影响。我们总结了涉及高温极端如何影响昆虫肠道免疫系统的文献，以及肠道免疫系统反过来如何改变与肠道微生物组和潜在病原体的潜在相互作用。温度对免疫的影响是复杂的，对微生物成分的最终影响因系统而异。此外，还有许多问题需要探讨昆虫如何应对同时存在的非生物胁迫以及它们对机会性微生物组的反应中的潜在权衡。
